Umlando we-UNIX Izithinte kanjani ezinye izinhlelo?

Ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kune-UNIX, sikumema ukuthi ufunde i-athikili elandelayo ku- UNIX umlando Ithonye kanjani ezinye izinhlelo? ukuze wazi okuningi ngale ndaba.

Umlando we-UNIX: Luyini uhlelo Lokusebenza?

Zinguchungechunge lwezinhlelo ezibizwa nge-software, ezibhekele ukusebenza kwehadiwe, zibizwa ngama-cores noma "ama-kernels", zivumela okokufaka okuthembekile kukhompyutha. Kusiza kakhulu ukuxhumana phakathi kwekhompyutha nomsebenzisi.

Phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza esingazisho: IHongMeng OS / iHarmonyOS (eyenziwe yiHuawei), iLinux (Isistimu yokusebenza evulekile) eyenziwe yiLinus Torvalds ne-Android (Uhlelo olusebenzayo olwenzelwe omakhalekhukhwini, lususelwa kwiLinux), lwakhiwa nguChris White, U-Rich Miner, uNick Sears no-Andy Rubin.

Kukhona ne-MAC OS (Macintosh Operating System) ye-Macintosh, eyenziwe yinkampani ene-apple elumayo, i-MS / DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System), eyenziwe yi-Microsoft, Microsoft Windows (Ifaka esikhundleni sohlelo lokusebenza lwe-MS / DOS) olwenziwe yi-Microsoft .

IOS (Isistimu Yokusebenza Yeselula) edalwe yi-Apple, i-Chrome OS (i-Google Operating System) futhi ekugcineni i-Unix (i-Multitasking ne-Multi-user Operating System).

Masikhumbule ukuthi alukho uhlelo olusebenzayo olunganikeza izimpendulo zomhlaba wonke kuzo zonke izidingo zekhompyutha, kuphela ukuba nezinye izindlela ezanele ngesikhathi sokudinga.

Uyini Umlando we-UNIX?

La UNIX umlando Kwaqala ngo-1968, yiqembu lochwepheshe ababesebenza e-AT & T Bell, eMassachusetts Institute of Technology naseGeneral Electric, ababenemiqondo yemultimedia futhi benombono wokuthi umsebenzisi wayelaliswe kakhulu nge-computer.

Le phrojekthi ekuqaleni ibikhonjwa ngegama elithi MULTICS (Multiplexed Information and Computing System). Kepha iphrojekthi ibiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngakho ayifikanga esiphethweni esijabulisayo.

Kodwa ngo-1969, uDennis Ritchie, uKen Thompson kanye neqembu lozakwabo ababekade besebenza kulowo msebenzi owedlule, baqala kabusha izifundo zalesi simiso esasibizwa nge-UNICS (Uniplexed Information and Computing System).

Imininingwane ephindaphindwayo yolwazi nohlelo lokubalawe kwahlolwa kukhompyutha ye-DEC PDP-7. Isici salolu hlelo lokusebenza ukuthi sasisekela abasebenzisi ababili ngasikhathi sinye.

Kepha ngo-1970, lolu hlelo lokusebenza lwabizwa nge-UNIX, olwaziwa namuhla. Ekuqaleni komlando we-UNIX yathuthukiswa ngokwezinga eliphansi, elaletha izinkinga ekuphatheni kwayo.

Kwakunjalo ngo-1973 lapho uDennis Ritchie, ongomunye wabathuthukisi abakhulu bolimi lwe- "C" noKen Thompson, ephakamisa iphrojekthi yokwakha kabusha ikhodi ye-UNIX ngolimi lwe- "C", ngaleyo ndlela uhlelo lokuqala lokusebenza lubhalwe ezingeni eliphezulu ulimi lwazalwa.

Ngale ndlela, i-UNIX ibe ngesisetshenziswa kakhulu emlandweni ngoba ingafakwa kweminye imishini ngaphandle kwezinguquko eziningi.

Ngonyaka we-1974, yasetshenziswa ngendlela enkulu emalabhorethri aseBell. Ngokuqondile la malabhorethri aqhubeka nezifundo zawo futhi kwaba ngo-1982 lapho bakhipha khona inguqulo 1 ye-UNIX.

Ngonyaka we-1983, uBerkeley wethule uhlobo olusha lohlelo lokusebenza olubizwa nge-BSD (Berkley Software Distribution), inguqulo 4.2. Umsebenzi wawo omkhulu bekuwukuphathwa kwamafayela ayinkimbinkimbi kanye nethuba lokusebenza namanethiwekhi abesuselwe kwizivumelwano ze-TCP / IP.

Le nguqulo yamukelwa kabanzi, eyamukelwa abakhiqizi abakhulu bekhompyutha ngemishini yabo, kufaka phakathi le nkampani yeSun Microsystems eyenziwe nguBill Joy.

I-Unix vs Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza

I-Unix: inekhodi eyimfihlo

Ngemuva kokwazi Umlando we-UNIX, kungashiwo ukuthi wuhlelo olwenzelwe amaseva, izikhungo zokusebenza ezinkulu kanye namaseva we-Intanethi.

Kuyisistimu yekhodi eyimfihlo, okungukuthi, ikhodi evaliwe, okungekho ukuguqulwa okungenziwa kuyo, ngumnikazi kuphela ongenza izibuyekezo. Ayinaso isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza.

Isekelwa abahlinzeki balesi simiso, ngokuya ngenguqulo ezothengwa, intengo yayo iyahluka. Yenzelwe imishini ye-PA-RISC ne-Itanium, i-AIS, BSD, izinhlobo ze-HP-UX, njll.

Ku-UNIX, i-terminal noma i-Shell kumane nje kungumhumushi womyalo inhloso yakhe ukuphatha imishini ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi sombhalo.

I-terminal ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izinhlelo ngokuthayipha igama lohlelo ofuna ukuluqhuba, ikakhulukazi ku-UNIX usebenza nemiyalo.

I-Linux: iyinhlangano ye-UNIX

I-LINUX, iyinhlangano ye-UNIX, isetshenziswa kuma-PC nakumadivayisi ahlukahlukene njengamaselula namathebulethi. Kuyisoftware yomthombo ovulekile, okungukuthi, ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kumahhala futhi kumahhala.

Abadidiyeli abazimele abasebenza ku-inthanethi bangabamba iqhaza ekuvuseleleni, banikele ekuthuthukisweni kwayo. It has a isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene zemisebenzi ehlukahlukene kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Kuyindlela evulekile engenakho ukusekelwa; u-downloader mahhala. I-LINUX, ekuqaleni yayenzelwe i-Intel x86 hardware; njengamanje isekela ezinye izinhlobo zehadiwe kanye nezinguqulo iRedhat, OpenSuse, Ubuntu, njll.

IWindows: Izindaba ezinkulu?

Isistimu isuselwa kulokho okubizwa ngamawindows, ngokungafani ne-UNIX engeyokugcina nemiyalo. Emakethe yezinhlelo zokusebenza zeWindows inamandla amakhulu ngoba ama-90% wamakhompyutha afakwe lolu hlelo.

Ubusha obuyinhloko obulethe emhlabeni wekhompiyutha kwakuwukwakheka okubonakalayo nokusebenziseka kalula, kepha obunye bobuthakathaka bayo obuvamile ukuphepha, lokhu kusho ukuthi iMicrosoft ihlala ithuthukisa iziqubu ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuphepha. IWindows idinga ukunakekelwa nokuqapha okuningi kune-UNIX.

IWindows, njengoba i-UNIX iyimfihlo, okungukuthi, isoftware yomthombo ovaliwe, kufanele ube nelayisense yokuyifaka kukhompyutha.

Ngaphandle kwale layisense ngeke ukwazi ukuthola izinzuzo zokuba nalolu hlobo lomkhiqizo nezibuyekezo zalo ezingenziwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ayinawo amandla okucubungula i-UNIX okufanele icubungule imininingwane emikhulu yolwazi. Ezweni lamakhompyutha kunesisho esithi "Windows yiNdlovukazi, u-Unix nguye olawulayo".

Ekuphatheni inkumbulo, ikwenza lokhu ngokusebenzisa inqubo ebizwa nge-clustered paging nememori yamahhala esetshenziswa njalo ngomzuzwana.

I-UNIX isebenzisa i-algorithm ngokususelwa ku-paging eguquguqukayo i-LRU (Esetshenziswe Kancane Esanda Kusetshenziswa) emele i- (Least Used Frequently).

Yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithathe i-UNIX njengesethenjwa?

I-NetBSD: isetshenziswe yi-NASA, lolu hlelo lokusebenza lungolomugqa we-UNIX, owadalwa ngo-1993 e-University of California.

Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lusetshenziswa yi-NASA ngokuba uhlelo oluphephile futhi oluzinzile ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwalo.

Iyiphayona ekwakhiweni kobuchwepheshe obusha, kungashiwo njengesibonelo (i-IPv6), ephethe ukuxazulula izinkinga zokubhekana nenethiwekhi.

I-Oracle Solaris Ingabe kuyasebenziseka?

Yenziwe yinkampani ye-Sun Microsystems, isuselwa kunqubo efanayo ye-UNIX futhi manje iphethwe yi-Oracle Corporation.

Kuyisoftware yomthombo evaliwe, okungukuthi, ayiwona umthombo ovulekile njenge-LINUX, ngakho-ke kufanele ube nelayisense yokuyisebenzisa. Enye yezinzuzo zalesi simiso ukuthi iyasebenziseka.

I-IBM AIX (Advanced IBM Unix)

It is authored by IBM and has been a UNIX System V system, this system runs on 32 and 64 bit IBM POWER server. Ingumthombo ovaliwe futhi imakethwa yi-IBM.

IMicrosoft / SCO Xenix

Yakhiwa yiMicrosoft, kwakuwuhlelo olusebenzayo olufana ne-UNIX, kepha iMicrosoft yayingenayo imvume yokusebenzisa igama elithi "UNIX" elalibizwa ngalo ngokuthi yiXenix, kepha namuhla luluhlelo olungasasebenzi.

I-HP-UX Isebenza kuphi?

Lolu hlelo luvela kwaHewlett-Packard, futhi luyehluka kwe-UNIX, olwenzelwe i-HP PA RISC futhi lungasetshenziswa kolunye uhlobo olunjenge-Intel Itanium.

Ithuthukiswa ngaphansi kolimi "C", lolu hlelo lwaluyingxenye yezinhlelo zokuqala ze-UNIX zokufaka imenenja yevolumu enengqondo (ibhekisa okwehlukanisweni komzimba).

UDarwin Kuyini?

Lolu hlelo lwakhiwe yi-Apple, igama livela kuCharles Darwin omkhulu, uhlelo oluvulekile olufana ne-UNIX. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yabelana ngesici sayo njengethuluzi lamahhala namanye amasistimu.

I-SGI IRIX iyahambisana ne-Unix

Kube uhlelo lokusebenza oluhambisana ne-UNIX, okucacile kwalolu hlelo ukuthi lusekela ihluzo ze-3D, ukudluliswa kwedatha yevolumu enkulu namavidiyo.

Kwakuyinguqulo yokuqala ye-UNIX ukuba ne-graphical interface yomsebenzisi (i-GUI) esetshenziswe kumakhompyutha wedeskithophu ngekhwalithi yayo enhle kakhulu yehluzo le-3D.

Uma unesifiso sokwazi okwengeziwe ngale ndaba, sikumema ukuthi uvakashele i-athikili yethu Izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nezingxenye zazo, lapho uzothola khona amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ngalezi zinhlelo.