Uhlelo oluhle kakhulu noma isoftware yokuhlela

Njengamanje akunakugwenywa ukuphila nobuchwepheshe, kuyingxenye yempilo yansuku zonke yaso sonke isintu, esikhona endaweni yokusebenza, ekhaya, ezikoleni, emanyuvesi, okungukuthi, sithatha zonke izindawo zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Kwanele ukubheka nxazonke, ngisho nakumabonakude, emotweni, kumakhalekhukhwini kanye nezicelo eziningi zazo zonke izinhlobo zokuphatha nokuzijabulisa, ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ezifana ne-Facebook noma i-Google. Kodwa le nqubo yenziwa kanjani, ungakhathazeki, namuhla uzokwazi lokhu nokunye, sizokutshela nokukutshela iluphi uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lokuhlela, futhi wazi umsuka wawo wonke lawa mathuluzi awusizo, izinzuzo zawo, ukungalungi, phakathi kweminye idatha ethakazelisayo.

Isofthiwe engcono kakhulu noma uhlelo lokuhlela

Ukuqaliswa kokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswayo nobusebenzayo obukhona engxenyeni enkulu yemisebenzi eyenziwa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke akuwona nje umthwalo wemfanelo wabathuthukisi noma abahleli bohlelo. Nokho, kukhona ingxenye ebalulekile, ukuthi uma bekungekho izicelo, izinhlelo, amadivaysi, amakhompyutha nezinye izinto zokusebenza, ngabe azikho. Yisiphi isithako leso? isofthiwe yokuhlela noma uhlelo lokuhlela.

Impela lokho kuzoba yisihloko esizothuthukiswa kulokhu okuthunyelwe, lapho sizobe sikhuluma ngala mathuluzi ukuze wazi isoftware yokuhlela eduze. Njengoba kuyisiteshi okuklanywa ngaso izinhlelo zekhompiyutha eziqanjwe kakhulu kusetshenziswa ulimi oluthile lobuchwepheshe noluqondile ngale njongo. Eqinisweni, sizokhuluma ngomunye osetshenziswa kabanzi kulo mkhakha, njenge uhlelo lokuhlela ku-java, ngaphandle kokungabaza ireferensi.

Ngale ndlela, uma ungomunye wabantu abasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe kuphela futhi ufuna ukuzibhala wena kulesi sihloko sekhompyutha, sekuyisikhathi sokukwazi, futhi uhlole ukuthi kungani ngaphandle kwesofthiwe yokuhlela, indawo yonke yezobuchwepheshe njengoba kubonakala namuhla. okufanayo, noma ngisho, bekungeke kube khona. Ngokufanayo, njengengxenye yale sethi yamathuluzi, amamojula alandelayo acatshangelwa kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokuhlela:

Abahleli bombhalo.
Abahleli bekhodi yomthombo.
Izimo zokuthuthukiswa ezihlanganisiwe noma ezisebenzayo (IDE).

Izicelo ezinjalo zinikeza indawo yokusebenza evumela umhleli ukuthi abeke amakhodi. Lo msebenzi ungenziwa usuka kusihleli sombhalo esilula, noma endaweni ekhethekile ngokumatanisa izisekelo, amathuluzi okuqedela ngokuzenzakalela afakwe ngaphambili kanye nokugqamisa kwe-syntax.

Kwabathuthuke kakhulu, ama-IDE ayatholakala anezela kulo msebenzi kanye nabalungisa iphutha. Isampula yalolu hlobo lwesofthiwe yi-Adobe Dreamweaver, Eclipse, jEdit, Notepad++, Lazarus noma i-ci/Vim, ukusho ezimbalwa ezidume kakhulu.

Ngokwengxenye yabo, abahlanganisi baphendula ekuhumusheni izinhlelo zokusebenza ezishintshayo zisuka kolunye ulimi ziye kolunye. Lokhu kuvame ukusebenza nekhodi yomthombo ezoshintshwa njengekhodi yomshini noma i-bytecode. Lezi zivame ukushumekwa kuhlelo lokuhlela. Injalo indaba yezinhlelo ezinabadidiyeli bohlobo:

I-PowerBASIC, GCC (g++).
I-Bun.
IBMCOBOL.
I-Intel Fortran Compiler.
I-Javac OpenJDK.
Delphi.
UTurbo Pascal.
Nabanye abaningi.

Ngokuqondene nabatolika bekhompyutha, yibona abanesibopho esinembile sokutolika, ukuhlaziya nokusebenzisa uhlelo ukuze kancane kancane baluhlele njengoba kudingekile, ngendlela yokuthi balinganisele inkomba yalo yokusebenza ngokuyikho. Zisebenza ngendlela efanayo nabadidiyeli kusevisi yakho yokuhumusha, nakuba zisebenza ngokushesha kancane. Ngokuya ngohlelo lokusebenza oluthile okukhulunywa ngalo, luyathandeka ngenxa yokuguquguquka okukhulu. Izibonelo zabahumushi zifaka:

QBasic.
I-Perl Tolika Esebenzayo.
Kwesobunxele.
Wish.
Phakathi kwabanye

Mayelana nama-linkers, uhlelo olukhethekile lokuhlela olulawula izinto ezidingekayo nemitapo yolwazi, ukuzixhuma uma kufika isikhathi nokuhlanza lezo zinsiza ezingasetshenziswanga, kubizwa ngokuthi isixhumanisi. Inhloso yawo ukukhiqiza ifayela elisebenzisekayo, isampula lalezo zixhumanisi, yi-GNU ld.

Okokugcina, kukhona abalungisa iphutha noma abalungisa iphutha, ingxenye yohlelo lokuhlela oluhlinzeka ngento ekwazi ukuthwebula amaphutha angaba khona kukhodi yomthombo ukuze ikwazi ukuwathola kalula ngomhleli, ahlaziywe futhi asuswe ngemva kokutholwa kwawo. Phakathi kwesethi ebanzi yama-debugger atholakalayo, angaqanjwa:

I-GNU Debugger.
I-IDA Pro.
Emacs.
I-DDT ka-Allinea.
I-CodeLite.
Abanye

Ngale ndlela, ukukhethwa kwesofthiwe noma uhlelo oluzohlelwa kuboniswa ngokucacile, hhayi ngenxa yenhlanhla, ngamafuphi noma kulula. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kula maphuzu alandelayo, sizohlaziya iziphakamiso nezincazelo ezithile ngalesi sihloko, inhloso yaso kuwukwelula umthwalo wabahleli bezinhlelo abafuna ukungena kule ndawo, namanje abakacaci.

Uhlolojikelele olufushane lwesoftware yokuhlela

Isofthiwe noma uhlelo lokuhlela, lunezimpande kuma-50s, lapho amakhompyutha okuqala azalwa asebenzisa lolu hlobo lwezinhlelo zokuhlanganisa. Kamuva, ngeminyaka yama-70's, amathuluzi afana ne-Unix avela, aduma kakhulu njenge-grep awk and make, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwawo okukhulu nokuguquguquka.

Ekuqaleni, la mathuluzi, ayeyingxenye yesofthiwe yokuhlela, ayelula kakhulu futhi elula. Eziningi zalezi zilondolozwe nanamuhla ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwazo nokuba wusizo, zikwazi ukuhlanganisa kahle kakhulu kwezinye izindawo ezinamandla amakhulu, kuyilapho ezinye zisebenze njengesixhumanisi sokudala amathuluzi amasha, ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu afunwa yiqiniso lanamuhla.

Iyini isofthiwe yokuhlela?

Uma kubhekwa lokhu okungenhla, kuyaye kuqondwe ukuthi uhlelo lokuhlela lusho isethi yezakhi namathuluzi adingekayo ukuze abahleli bohlelo bakwazi ukuklama nokuthuthukisa okuqukethwe kwekhompyutha ngohlobo oluthile lolimi lokuhlela. Ngale ndlela yokuthi uhlelo oluzohlelwa kufanele lube nezingxenye ezilandelayo ukuze lusebenze ngokuvumelana:

Abahleli bombhalo.
Abadidiyeli.
otolika.
Abaxhumanisi.
Abahlikihli.
I-IDE (izindawo zokuthuthukisa ezididiyelwe).

Iqiniso elimangalisayo mayelana nama-IDE, ukuthi lawa ayingxenye yezakhi zangaphambili zohlu, futhi yilawa avumela abahleli bohlelo ukuthi balahle imiyalo eminingi engadingekile, ukuze kube lula inqubo yokuhlela, kuyilapho benesithombe esibonakalayo somsebenzisi esithuthukisiwe, esihlinzeka. ubulula obukhulu esenzweni sokuhlela.

Luyini ulimi lokuhlela?

Esinye isici okufanele umenzi wohlelo ajwayelane naso wulimi lohlelo, lolu olusemthethweni lapho umuntu enikezwa ikhono lokunikeza iqoqo lezinkomba ngendlela yenqubo (algorithm). Futhi kwenzeka njengesici esihlinzeka ngezindlela zokulawula ukusebenza ngokomzimba noma okunengqondo kwekhompyutha. Njengamanje kunezinhlobo ezi-3 eziyinhloko okuyilezi:

Ulimi olusezingeni eliphezulu.
Ulimi lwezinga elimaphakathi.
Ulimi lwezinga eliphansi.

Lapho okuphansi, kuwulimi olufana kakhulu nomshini wekhompiyutha, kuze kufike kulezo zilimi ezifana nalezo ezisetshenziswa abantu, kulokhu, izinga eliphezulu.

Ufunda ukuhlela?

Emkhathini omkhulu futhi ongaziwa wohlelo, kunenani elikhulu le-software yokuhlela, okuvumela lo msebenzi ukuthi ujabulise futhi uzwisiseke olimini lwabantu. Ngendlela yokuthi uma ukhetha ukucwila kulo mhlaba ongaqondakali, umbuzo wokuqala ofikayo engqondweni uthi, yiluphi uhlelo olunconywa kakhulu lokuhlela?, noma kunalokho, yiluphi ulimi okufanele lukwazi ukuqala ngalo?Kunzima kangakanani? ?

Lena imibuzo abasaqalayo ezinhlelweni abavame ukuzibuza yona, engeyona inkimbinkimbi njengoba kuzwakala, kodwa okuzosiza ngokungangabazeki ukungena kangcono kulo mkhakha wekhompyutha. Isici esingasiza uhlelo lokuhlela njengendlela ethokozisayo eqhuba inqubo.

Sesikushilo lokho, sekuyisikhathi sokubhekana nezinye izici kulokhu okuthunyelwe mayelana nohlelo lokuhlela, futhi ezihlobene neminye imiqondo ehlotshaniswa nalesi sikhungo. Nokho, lapho uqala ukuhlela, kunomthetho obalulekile osebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamaphrojekthi ekuphileni, akuyona into engaphezu kokuzijwayeza, ukuzilolonga kuhlale kuhambisana nenqubekelaphambili, futhi kwakha uthisha.

Yini okufanele icatshangelwe lapho ukhetha uhlelo lokuhlela?

Uma kufika isikhathi sokukhetha isofthiwe noma uhlelo lokuhlela, indlela yokuqala okufanele yenziwe uhlobo lolimi lokuhlela oluzokwamukelwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ulimi ngalunye lunobuhle nokubi okuthile okuhambisana kakhulu noma okuncane kuye ngokusetshenziswa noma indawo yohlelo. Njengamanje, kunezilimi ezi-5 ezisetshenziswa kakhulu nezithandwayo okufanele zaziwe:

Java.
C Ukuhlela.
I-Python.
C++.
I-VisualBasic.

Uhlelo lohlelo Java

Isibalo esiyihlazo esesivele singaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu zemishini kagesi emhlabeni, sibonga Java, ngakho kuyamangaza ukuthi lolu limi lokuhlela ludume kakhulu. Yavela okokuqala ngo-1995, futhi njengamanje ingeye-Oracle Corporation.

Futhi ithobela uhlobo lolimi olubalulekile oluqondiswe ezintweni ezinohlelo olunamandla nolumile. Yamukela imibono ehlukahlukene evela ku-Pascal, C ++, kanye ne-Objective-C; iphayona ekuletheni ukuguquguquka, ama-applet, kanye nentuthuko eqhutshwa ukuhlolwa ohlelweni.

Izinzuzo

Uhlelo lwakho lokuhlela lugxile ezintweni (OOB); okusho ukuthi, amakhodi we-utilitarian, ahlelekile, avikelwe ngokumelene namaphutha, alula ukuwagcina futhi avuselelwe.
Inolimi olusezingeni eliphezulu, olune-syntax elula okulula ukuyisebenzisa nokufunda.
Kujwayelekile ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kwekhompuyutha ezindaweni zebhizinisi, ngenxa yokuthi inomphakathi omkhulu wochwepheshe kanye nemibhalo ebanzi.
Ayinazo izikhombisi kanye nokuba khona kwemithetho yokufinyelela echazwe nge-Security Manager, ukunciphisa ubungozi bezokuphepha.
Ithobelana nenqubomgomo ethi Bhala Once Run Anywhere noma i-WORA, lapho kubhekwa khona ukuthi iyahambisana nokusetshenziswa kwekhodi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-cross-platform.
Ulimi lwayo olusabalalisiwe lusiza ukusebenzisana kweqembu ngokulandela iphrothokholi yokusabalalisa ye-Remote Method Invocation (RMI) nokusekelwa kwezindlela ze-Corba ne-Socket Programming.
Ihlinzeka ngokuphathwa kwememori okuzenzakalelayo (AMM) kanye nohlelo lokuqoqa udoti.
Ihlomele ukwenza izinhlelo kanye nekhompyutha enezintambo eziningi.
Inolimi oluzinzile, olunakekelwa futhi olusha njalo.

nebubi

Kusukela ngo-2019, idinga ilayisense yezohwebo ngentuthuko yezinjongo ezijwayelekile.
Inezinkinga zokusebenza ezihlotshaniswa ne-virtualization, umqoqi kadoti, ukumiswa kwenqolobane, kanye nokuvalwa kwentambo.
Inezixazululo ezimbalwa zokudala i-graphical user interfaces (GUI).
Ibika ulimi oluxoxa kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukufunda nokuhlaziya ikhodi.

Ngokuvamile, i-Java isetshenziswa kaningi ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zesistimu yokusebenza ye-Android nezinye izixazululo zesoftware egxile kubasebenzisi, izinhlelo zomkhakha wezezimali nowezohwebo, ikhodi yezindawo ezithengiswayo nezisombululo zedatha enkulu, ukusho ezimbalwa zayo. izinzuzo, izinsiza.

C Ukuhlela

Ukubhekisela ku-C ukukhuluma nolunye lwezilimi zokuhlela ezinomphela omude kakhulu emakethe. Yaqalwa yathuthukiswa ingqondo yokudala kaDennis Ritchie kanye neBell Laboratories, ngeminyaka ka-1969 no-1972, ukuze idlulele ezandleni zeNokia Corporation. Ihlinzeka ngolimi lwenqubo olubalulekile, olwakhiwe ngaphansi kwesistimu yohlobo olubuthaka nolumile, indlalifa yezimfanelo eziqondile ze-B, ALGOL, ulimi lomhlangano, i-PL/I kanye ne-Fortran, ebonisa ubudala bayo.

Izinzuzo

Icabanga iyunithi eyakhayo yezinye izilimi zokuhlela zamanje, ukufunda kwayo kusiza ukuqonda okufanayo.
Iqukethe ama-opharetha ahlukahlukene nezinhlobo zedatha yomdabu ezikhulisa amandla ayo nokusebenza kahle.
Inokuphatheka kahle kolimi, ikhodi yayo ingasetshenziswa kuma-hardware ahlukahlukene ngezinguquko ezimbalwa.
Inomtapo wezincwadi wemisebenzi ka-C, enwebeka ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kolimi ngokwalo.
Ithobela ulimi olusezingeni eliphakathi, oluhambisana nezinhlelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu neziphansi.
Ihlakaniphile ekusebenziseni kwayo ama-algorithms nezinhlobo zedatha, okunikeza izinhlelo ezibhalwe ngo-C amandla amaningi nesivinini sekhompyutha.
Inikeza ikhono lokwaba inkumbulo eguquguqukayo phakathi nokwenziwa kwekhodi.
Ilungele ikakhulukazi izinhlelo zokuhlela.

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Ayinikezi ukwesekwa kokukhipha, ukufihlwa kwedatha, i-encapsulation, i-polymorphisms, noma ifa. Futhi, ayinabo abakhi nabaqambi.
Inikeza ukuhlanza okuphelele; ekupheleni kokwenziwa kohlelo, wonke amaphutha aboniswa esikrinini ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ukungakwazi ukuchaza izikhala zamagama.
Asikho isilekeleli sokuphatha esihlukile.
Inezinga eliphansi lokungafinyeleli ukuze kube lula ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha uma usebenzisa lolu limi lokuhlela.

C Ukuhlela kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza, izinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu, amathuluzi esayensi nawemboni, izilingisi, izithombe ze-3D, nokunye ukusetshenziswa okuthuthukile.

Python

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlelo lokuhlela yiPython, futhi lokho kuzuzile ukubaluleka okukhethekile nokuvelela kuleli shumi leminyaka emhlabeni wekhompyutha. Ithobela ulimi lokuhlela oluthayiphiwe ngokuqinile noluguqukayo lwe-multi-paradigm. Ulimi lwayo wukusungulwa kukaGuido van Rossum, owaqala ukuvela emakethe ngo-1991, naphezu kokuthuthuka kwayo eminyakeni edlule.

Lolu hlelo luboleke izici ezithile ebuningini bezilimi zangaphambili, ezihlanganisa i-Haskell, i-Lisp, i-Perl, ne-Java. Namuhla iphethwe yiPython Software Foundation, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo esabalalisa ilayisense yayo yomthombo ovulekile.

Izinzuzo

Iguquguquka kakhulu futhi ilula, ethanda ukusetshenziswa nokufunda kwayo, kanye nesivinini sokuthuthuka.
Inomphakathi wabahleli bezinhlelo ogxile olimini lomthombo ovulekile kanye nelayisensi, futhi yamukela labo abanentshisekelo kukho.
Ineqoqo elikhulu lezitolo zezincwadi ezisekelwa kokubili isisekelo esisekela isofthiwe noma uhlelo lokuhlela, kanye nomphakathi.
Yinhle kakhulu ekwenzeni i-prototyping esheshayo ne-scripting.
Anwebeka kalula kusetshenziswa i-C Programming, i-C++ noma ikhodi ye-Java, iqukethe izindawo zokusebenza eziningi ukuze uvumele ukuhlela okuvumelana nezimo ngokwedlulele.

Inekusasa elithembisayo ezinhlelweni ze-IoT, ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwayo ne-Raspberry Pi.

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Inezinkinga ngejubane, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwayo okuhlobene nolimi oluhunyushiwe.
Inekhompyutha enemicu eminingi engenziwanga kahle nhlobo, ngenxa ye-Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) mutex, yona evimbela ukuvulwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwemicu embalwa.
Ayilungele ukwenza izinhlelo ezindaweni eziphathwayo; noma i-iOS noma i-Android, abangabelani ngokusemthethweni ulimi lwabo. Njengoba nje kungakhanyi ezinhlelweni zokuphequlula zemidiya.
Ibika imikhawulo eminingi lapho ufinyelela kusizindalwazi nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa inkumbulo ebanzi. Inesizotha kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa ne-ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity) kanye nobuchwepheshe be-JDBC (Java DataBase Connectivity).
Ukuqalisa ngalolu limi kungaholela ebunzimeni obukhulu lapho wazi izinhlelo ezilandelayo zohlelo, ngenxa yobulula balo obungavamile.

Isetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wamarobhothi, umbhalo, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukufunda ngomshini, ukwakheka okusizwa ngekhompiyutha, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-multimedia (ngaphandle kwezindawo ezisebenzisanayo ze-3D) nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi.

uhlelo lokuhlela C ++

I-C++ ithobela isandiso solimi lwe-C lokuhlela okukhulunywe ngalo emigqeni edlule; futhi yathuthukiswa cishe ngo-1979 njengolimi lokuhlela lwe-multi-paradigm olunohlelo oluqinile, olungaguquki, nolukhethayo. Yalethwa emehlweni omphakathi ngo-1983 ngomsebenzi we-Bjarne Stroustrup, namuhla futhi ingeyeNokia Corporation.

Izinzuzo

Inokwesekwa okubanzi, ngenxa yokwanda kokuthandwa kwayo, okusho ukuthi inikeza ukutholakala okuphezulu kwemitapo yolwazi, abadidiyeli kanye namarejista esandleni somsebenzisi.
Inolimi oluhunyushwe ngaphambilini; yona eyinikeza isivinini namandla okwenza ikhompuyutha lapho isebenzisa ikhodi yomthombo.
Kulula ukuyifunda, ikakhulukazi uma usufunde ezinye izilimi zokuhlela ezifana ne-Java, C Programming noma i-C#, ezibika i-syntax efanayo kakhulu.
Inenani elincishisiwe lemikhawulo ngokuba nomtapo wolwazi omncane ojwayelekile.

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Ithambekele ekuziphatheni okungavamile nokungalindelekile; okwenza ingaphephile futhi ingathembeki njengohlelo oluhle kakhulu lokuhlela.
Inokuphathwa kwenkumbulo okuphansi ngenxa yokuqaliswa kwayo okuyisisekelo kwe-OOB.
Kuncike kakhulu emisebenzini yakho, ngaphezu kwalokho, okungewona amakilasi ezinga lokuqala; akukho okungenzeka ukuchaza opharetha ngokwezifiso.
Ngokuvamile, iphoqa umsebenzisi ukuthi achaze izinhlobo eziningi zedatha eyisisekelo, i-syntax yayo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iqinile.
Inokuhambisana okuphansi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kokucaciswa kwezinga eliphezulu okungajwayelekile (i-GUI, amanethiwekhi, ukucubungula okufanayo, njll).

I-C++ yaziwa ukuthi isetshenziswa kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, okwenze yacishe yatholakala yonke indawo. Ngokukhethekile, i-C++ ayihambelani nezinhlelo ezibanzi njengezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisekayo kusukela kuziphequluli, iziphetho ezingemuva, kumaseva namawebhu, kanye nasezindaweni zezinkampani ezinomqondo obanzi, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-iOS, .NET, ne-Windows, ngaphansi kwezimiso ezikhethekile.

I-Visual Basic.NET

Ngokwengxenye yayo, i-Visual Basic.NET ithobela ulimi lohlelo oluqondiswe ezintweni zesimanje, i-multi-paradigm kanye nezinhlelo ezimile, eziguquguqukayo, ezinamandla, eziphephile nezinohlobo lwegama. Kubonwa njengokuvela kwe-Visual Basic, ulimi olungahambelani nalo emuva. Isoftware yayo yadalwa futhi ingeyeMicrosoft, futhi isikhona emakethe cishe amashumi amabili eminyaka ngemiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Izinzuzo

Inokumelana okukhulu nokungazinzi okuza nokuphathwa kwezikhombisi, ngoba yenza lo msebenzi ngokungaqondile.
Isekela izinsiza ze-Visual Basic zakudala, ukutholakala ezindaweni zokuqamba ezindala nezibophezelayo uma ukulungiselelwa Kwenketho Eqinile kususwa.
Isebenza ngamakhodi aphethwe, ngenxa ye-CLR (Common Language Runtime) etholakala ezinhlelweni ezivikelekile, ezinzile neziqinile.
Inendawo yokusungula ukusebenzisana kwe-COM, ngenxa yokwamukela kwayo imingcele yokuzikhethela.
Isebenzisa i-XML ukushintshanisa idatha ye-Digital Network Architecture (DNA).
Inomqoqi wezibi osebenza kahle kakhulu, iphethwe yi-CLR.

nebubi

Inamalungelo obunikazi amancane, okunciphisa amathuba akho e-VB.NET ngaphandle kwe-Windows OS, kanye nokwenza ukuthuthukiswa kubize ngamalayisense abizayo.
Ingathuthukiswa ukuze iphathe izinhlobo ezithile zedatha, njengezinhlu, ezingakwazi ukuqaliswa ngokuzimemezela.
Iphoqa umsebenzisi ukuthi asebenzise indawo yokusebenza ye-NET Framework.

Ngokuvamile ibhekisela ku-Visual Basic.NET, njenge-VB.NET, ikakhulukazi exhunywe ku-Windows; Okusobala ukuthi uma ubuka ngeso lengqondo imikhiqizo ethile engase ithuthukiswe ngalolu limi lokuhlela: izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Windows consoles; okujwayelekile kweWindows; amasevisi, abashayeli nabaphathi bemitapo ye-Windows; izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-ASP.NET; amasevisi, izilawuli kanye nabaphathi belabhulali ezindaweni zewebhu; .NET amakilasi; kanye nama-automation we-COM.

Ukwazi ngokucacile ukuthi yiluphi ulimi oluzosetshenziswa ohlelweni lokuhlela oluhloselwe ukusetshenziswa, sekuyisikhathi sokukhetha isofthiwe ezothuthukiswa ngayo. Ukukhetha okunengqondo kungenxa ye-IDE ukuze kuhlanganiswe ingxenye enhle yokusebenza kwayo futhi edingekayo ukuze imigqa yekhodi isetshenziswe.

Ama-IDE angcono kakhulu ngokolimi lokuhlela olusetshenzisiwe

Phakathi kwamaphutha amakhulu uma kufika isikhathi sokwamukela amanye amathuluzi asevele ebaluliwe ukuze uhlelo luhlelwe, ngokuvamile kufunwa impendulo yobuchwepheshe, ethize, elinganiselwe futhi elinganiseke ngokuphelele. Yini engaba yiphutha; Yebo, emhlabeni wezinhlelo, njengeminye imikhakha, kungakuhle ukuthi ungajahi ngaphandle kokubheka amanye ama-nuances, njengokwazi uhlobo lwesoftware, uhlelo noma uhlelo olufiswayo.

Njengoba ukwakha uhlelo lokubala olulula akufani nokuthuthukisa umdlalo wevidiyo ngemifanekiso ye-3D. Okukhomba ukuthi kuzo zonke lezi kuzoba nolimi olufanele olulungiselelwe. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokubhekana nesihloko ukubuza umbuzo mayelana nokuthi yiluphi ulimi lohlelo olunekusasa kakhulu?, futhi hhayi nje ukubuza ngenombolo yokuqala yokucabanga.

Ukubukeza ke, kungangezwa ukuthi into yokuqala ukuzama ukunikeza impendulo ethile embuzweni womhlaba wonke, ngendlela yokuthi emigqeni elandelayo ezinye izilimi zokuhlela zihlongozwa njengezingcono kakhulu, uma kubhekwa iminyaka yazo, ukuhlukahluka, amarekhodi kanye nomphakathi. . Sekuyisikhathi sokuhlaziya i-IDE efaneleke kakhulu yolimi ngalunye kulezi ezishiwo ngenhla, kuyilapho unikeza izinketho zezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa olunye uhlelo lwezinhlelo.

I-Software NetBeans Integrated Development Environment ye-Java

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Netbeans IDE ibhekisela kusofthiwe ekhethwa kakhulu uma kuziwa ezinhlelweni ze-Java; lokhu kulandelwa eduze i-Eclipse. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithobela umhleli wekhodi ophelele futhi oguquguqukayo emakethe, futhi phakathi kwezici ezenza idume kakhulu yilezi:

Idizayini yayo egxile kumsebenzisi, eyenza ukujwayelana kube lula.
Inenhlangano esheshayo, elula nephumelelayo yamaphrojekthi.
Isebenza ngokushesha.
Ihlinzeka ngethuluzi lokuqedela ngokuzenzakalela elisetshenziswe ngobuhle.
Inokuhlanganiswa ne-Git (isofthiwe yokulawula inguqulo).
Inohlelo lomthombo ovulekile olubuyekezwa njalo.
Ihambisana nezinye izilimi zokuhlela, ezifana (HTML5, C Programming, C++, PHP, njll.

Futhi, i-NetBeans ihlinzeka nge-IDE eqinile yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Futhi nakuba kunezikhathi lapho kusetshenziswa enye indawo engazuzisa umsebenzi, nazi ezinye izinketho ezingaba usizo ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwazo:

I-Eclipse: Ilungele izinhlelo ze-cross-platform, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, ukuthuthukiswa kwewebhu nokudalwa kwe-GUI.
I-Intellij IDEA Community Edition: Iphinde ikhonjiswe ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-Android, kanye nokusebenzisa ikhodi ye-Groovy noma ye-Scala. I-IDE ekhanyayo engaqinile ngehadiwe etholakalayo.
I-jGRASP: futhi ayisindi futhi inamandla ekuthuthukisweni kokubona ngeso okuzenzakalelayo.
I-BlueJ: ilula, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuphelele njenge-IDE yokufunda. Ngesikhathi sokunikeza amadokhumenti amaningi futhi aphelele.

Ikhodi Yesofthiwe: Amabhulokhi we-C Programming

Ngaphandle kokusebenza kwayo okuhle, akwaziwa kahle emphakathini mayelana neKhodi: I-Blocks IDE, ebizwa ngokuthi ayihambisani kahle nezinye izilimi zokuhlela. Kodwa-ke, lo mhleli wekhodi ulungile ukuthi ungashayi indiva noma yiziphi izibaluli ze-C Programming, okuthi ezindaweni ezifana ne-Eclipse zihlale zinjengoba zinjalo, zisithwe. Inikeza umsebenzisi isethi yezinzuzo okufanele wonke umhleli wohlelo azazi:

Iyahambisana neWindows, macOS neLinux.
Inomthamo wokumisa ophezulu, kanye nemikhawulo embalwa lapho inweba isofthiwe eyisisekelo ngama-plugin.
Inezici zokuskena eziyisisekelo ezivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi abone i-OOP.
Ine-interface yomsebenzisi egcwele, enembile futhi ehleleke kahle.

Kunezikhathi ezimbalwa lapho ukusebenzisa Ikhodi:Amabhulokhi akuyona indlela engcono kakhulu. Nokho, izimo ezilandelayo zingakuthethelela ngokugcwele ukusetshenziswa kwamanye ama-IDE:

eclipse: Ilungele ukwenza kabusha amavolumu amakhulu ekhodi.
I-Visual StudioCode: ikhombe izinhlelo zokusebenza eziqondiswe ku-Windows kuphela. Kuyisoftware eyakhiwe yiMicrosoft, ngakho-ke, yenzelwe i-OS yale ndlu naphezu kokuxhasa abanye.
I-CodeLite: ingakhetha ukufunda, amaqembu aphelelwe amandla, nokuthuthukiswa kwewijethi.

Isoftware ye-Atom yePython

Ithuluzi eligcwele izici i-Python IDE, eqinisweni kuze kube yilapho lingenziwa iphutha nesihleli sombhalo uma sisetshenziswa. Ukugcinwa kwayo kuphethe i-GitHub, uphawu oluqinisekisa ikhwalithi yesofthiwe yayo; Ngokuya ngezinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko, okulandelayo kuyagqama:

Ukuguquguquka kwayo okuphezulu kanye ne-repertoire enkulu yama-plug-ins.
Umphathi wayo womtapo wolwazi okhethekile futhi oqinile, okuhlanganisa nezinhlelo ezifana ne-Teletype yokusebenzisana okukude.
Inokuhlanganiswa komdabu ne-Git ne-GitHub.
Inikeza ukuhambisana okuhle kwe-cross-platform ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kohlaka lwe-Electron.
I interface yayo diaphanous futhi enembile.

Ngokuvamile, i-Atom yethulwa njengenketho ebonisiwe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izici zekhodi yomsebenzisi. Nokho, abanye abahleli bekhodi bangase babe nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okuhlobene nemisebenzi ethile. Ngezansi izinketho ze-Atom nezindawo zabo ezinhle kakhulu:

I-IDLE: inesibopho sokwandisa ubulula bayo ekufundeni kwayo, kuyilapho isebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa.
I-Visual StudioCode: Njengoba kushiwo, le IDE ilungele ukuthuthukisa isoftware yeWindows kuphela.
U-Eric: ungumphathi wephrojekthi omkhulu, okwenza kube inketho enhle kakhulu lapho usebenza ngamavolumu amakhulu wekhodi. Kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuhle noRuby.

I-Visual Studio software ye-C++

Kukhona ukuvumelana ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe ukuthi i-Dev-C++ iyi-IDE engcono kakhulu etholakalayo yokusebenza ne-C++. Ngeshwa, umhleli wekhodi unezinkinga ezi-2 ezinzima: itholakala kuphela ku-Windows futhi ayizange ibe nezibuyekezo eminyakeni embalwa. Namuhla inguqulo ye-Linux iyathuthukiswa, nakuba lungekho usuku lokutholakala kwayo. Lokhu kuzovalelisa kuma-Dev-C++ DevPacks ajwayelekile, kanye nokubingelela ku-Visual Studio.

Ngendlela yokuthi i-Visual Studio njengamanje iyithuluzi elikahle lokusebenza kalula nge-C++. Ukufakwa kwayo akubangeli ukungabaza, futhi ukulanda kwayo kumahhala uma ukhetha inguqulo ye-Express (i-capada). Kuyisoftware elungiselelwe iWindows, yize ingasetshenziswa kuma-macOS ne-Linux ngaphandle kokuhixa okusobala. Izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe yilezi:

Inikeza isihloli se-syntax somdabu esibizwa ngokuthi i-Command Line Interface, ngaphezu kokuphothula ngokuzenzakalelayo kwe-Intelligent Code.
I-GUI yayo yangokwezifiso yenza kube lula ukufaka ikhodi entsha ku-Git, kanye nokuzibophezela ukushicilela.
Ine-API eqinile enamathuluzi amaningi okulungisa iphutha.
Ikhonjiswe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinjongo, kusukela kumazwibela kuya ekuguqulweni kabusha.

Kuyafaneleka ukugqamisa i-Visual Basic, okwamanje engenaye imbangi; okuwukuphela kwendawo lapho i-IDE encane ingatholakala khona kusekuthuthukisweni kwe-non-Microsoft OS, izindawo lapho kungase kube khona isofthiwe enereferensi encane, futhi elungiselelwe kakhulu engaphenywa.

I-Visual Studio ye-Visual Basic.NET

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Visual Studio iphinda njenge-IDE engcono kakhulu, noma ngabe i-VB.NET isetshenziswa. Uma kunjalo, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ifanelana ngokuphelele nezimfanelo zomhleli wekhodi nakuleli cala. Kodwa-ke, kwengezwe ukuthi i-#develop noma i-SharpDevelop imele enye indlela enhle kakhulu futhi emahhala. Nazi izinzuzo nezingozi zayo uma iqhathaniswa ne-Visual Basic.NET:

Izinzuzo

Inikeza isivinini esikhulu ukusebenza ngisho namaphrojekthi amakhulu.
Uhlelo lwayo lokuxhuma nge-AddIn luyamukeleka, uma kubhekwa inombolo yalo yezifanekiso.
Inokusimama okukhulu.

nebubi

Uhlelo lwayo lokubuyisela kabusha alilungile uma liqhathaniswa nesisetshenziswa esinikezwe i-VB.NET's Jetbrains Resharper.
Inokusekelwa okungalungile kwe-ASP.NET.

Ama-IDE abo ahlinzeka ngendawo enhle yokusebenza yemizamo yokuqala yokuhlela. Kuye ngokuthi ulwazi lutholwa kanjani, ngokunengqondo kuzoba noshintsho olusuka kuma-IDE luye ekuhleleni ngokwezifiso, ukuhlanganiswa, ukuhumusha, ukuxhumanisa nokulungisa amaphutha, iqiniso elingathatha isikhathi eside kuze kube yilapho wonke senziwe ukuthi asebenze ngokubambisana.

Isoftware yokuhlela engu-6

Kulolonke uhlelo lokuhlela, kuhlangana izici ezihlukahlukene zokuhlela, ikakhulukazi lakhiwe izici eziyisi-6, okungukuthi, futhi ngokungangabazeki ezinesibopho sezinsiza eziningi ezifinyelelwa ngemishini ehlukene namathuluzi okusetshenziswa nsuku zonke. Lezi zingxenye yilezi ezilandelayo:

Abahleli bombhalo.
Abadidiyeli.
otolika.
Abaxhumanisi.
Abahlikihli.
Izimo zokuthuthukisa ezididiyelwe (IDE).

Isihleli sombhalo

Umhleli wombhalo wuhlelo lwekhompuyutha olwakhelwe ukudala nokushintsha amafayela ombhalo angenalutho. Isetshenziswa kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokuhlela, njengoba ingenayo ifomethi ethile futhi ingagcinwa nethize (C .PHP, HTML noma enye efanayo).

Okwamanje, abahleli bombhalo abathile baklanyelwe ukubhekelela ezinye izilimi zokuhlela, ezinethunzi kumathegi noma amagama agodliwe. Uma lawa mafayela elondoloziwe, kwenziwa ngesandiso esifunwayo futhi alayishwa ukuze asetshenziswe. Amasampula awo yi-Notepad++, Sublime Text, Vim, Atom, UltraEdit.

Abaqambi

Ngokuqondene nabadidiyeli, bawuhlobo oluthile lwabahumushi, abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokubumba lonke uhlelo lokuhlela olubhalwe ngolimi olulodwa lokuhlela lube kolunye. Ngokuvamile, iyishintsha ibe ulimi olunenhloso eyengeziwe yekhodi yomshini, ukuze isebenzise noma icubungule imiyalo yohlelo.

Ngokuvamile, umdidiyeli oshiwo nguyena obonisa uma uhlelo lulungile, azise amaphutha okungenzeka atholakala kukhodi yomthombo. Yakhiwa ngezigaba eziqoqwe kwaba yimisebenzi emi-2: ukuhlaziywa kohlelo lomthombo noma ikhodi yomthombo kanye nokuhlanganisa kohlelo.

Abahumushi

Lesi sici siwuhlelo lokuhlela endaweni yekhompyutha, inhloso yalo ukuhlaziya nokwenza ezinye izinhlelo. Ngokungafani nomhlanganisi, umhumushi uhumusha kuphela ikhodi njengoba kudingeka, isitatimende ngesitatimende, futhi akalondolozi noma yimiphi imiphumela yokuhumusha. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umqambi kufanele adideke nomhumushi, ngoba bahluke kakhulu. Njengezibonelo zaleli thuluzi zingabhekisela.

Injini ye-Zend.
I-CPython.
I-MRI ye-Ruby.
YARV.
en:Okuyisisekelo.
QAPHELA:

abaxhumani

Ama-Linkers, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlelo zekhompiyutha eziklanyelwe ukuthatha izakhi eziphonswe enqubweni yokuqala yokuhlanganiswa, ukuthatha lolo lwazi oludingekayo, ukuqeda izinsiza zikadoti, nokuxhumanisa ikhodi yento nedatha yayo, ngaleyo ndlela kwakheka ilebula elisebenzisekayo lohlelo ukuze uhlelo.

Ama-debuggers

Kulokhu, futhi ziyizinhlelo zekhompiyutha eziphethe ukwenza izivivinyo nokususa amaphutha kwezinye izinhlelo. Ukubaluleka kwayo kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ngaphandle kwalokhu, imiphumela elindelekile ingaba nomthelela endaweni lapho ithuthukiswa khona.

Ngasikhathi sinye, ayikhiqizi kahle, njengoba izihlanzi zingasetshenziswa ukuqhekeka isoftware, okungukuthi ukudlula ukuvikelwa kwekhophi yesoftware ethile. Amasampula alezi zingxenye angaqanjwa kanje:

I-Visual DuxDebugger.
I-GNU Debugger.
I-SoftICE.
I-OllyDbg.
Injini yokukhohlisa.

Izimo Zokuthuthukiswa Okudidiyelwe (ama-IDE)

Ngalo mqondo, lezi zindawo zinesibopho sokuhlanganisa zonke izici okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla, ukuze umhleli angaphoqwa ukuthi akhiphe imiyalo eyahlukahlukene. Idala indawo esebenzisanayo, njengoba ine-interface yomsebenzisi ethuthukisiwe kuphela. Ezinye izibonelo zama-IDE adumile yilezi:

I-Eclipse.
Ama-NetBeans.
IntelliJ Idea.
Namathisela.
Clarion.
Borland sika JBuilder phakathi kwabanye.

Usuvele unqumile okwakho?

Manje ukuvala isihloko sohlelo olungcono kakhulu lokuhlela, kube nokwenzeka ukuthi kubhekwe kulo lonke leli posi ukuthi ukuhlela ngokuhlanganyela okubanzi kuyindaba yokufunda nokuzilolonga ukuze ukwazi ukufunda amagama alo, ngoba kungazwakala kubuchwepheshe kakhulu kulabo akajwayelene kakhulu namatemu ayo.

Ngezinjongo ezinjalo, okuphathelene nakho kwabhekwana nayo kafushane, njengoba kuyindawo ebanzi kakhulu, yona ehlanganisa izihloko eziningi, okuyisizathu esenza ukuthi ukugxila kwethu kuhlelo lwesoftware.

Njengoba kungase kubonakale, iningi lezinhlelo zesofthiwe noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zihlobene ne-IDE, okungukuthi, ziyi-software esevele inakho konke okuhlanganisiwe ngenhloso yokwenza lula inqubo yokuhlela. Nokho, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuba nolwazi oluthile oluyisisekelo ngalesi sihloko.

Kunoma ikuphi, isofthiwe yokuhlela noma uhlelo iyithuluzi elingasiza noma ubani onentshisekelo yokuklama nokuthuthukisa iwebhusayithi yakhe ngendlela yomuntu siqu. Ingabe usuqalile ukwenza izinhlelo?

Uma uthole lesi sihloko esihle mayelana nohlelo lokuhlela siwusizo, ungase ube nentshisekelo kokuqukethwe kwalezi zixhumanisi ezilandelayo: