I-Los izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula Ziluchungechunge lwesoftware encane noma izinhlelo eziguqulelwe kumaselula ukuze zithole imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene lapho umsebenzisi angajabulela khona, funda kabanzi ngayo ngokufunda le ndatshana.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula
Eyaziwa ngegama layo njengo- "SO", zimelela isethi yezinhlelo ezifakwe kuselula yakho ukuze zifeze ukusebenza okuhle nokwanelisa izidingo zabasebenzisi. Imodeli ngayinye kamakhalekhukhwini, ikakhulukazi okuthiwa amafoni smart, inohlelo lokusebenza oluyivumela ukuthi isebenze kahle.
Le software ifana naleyo yamakhompyutha, yehlukile kuleyo ngoba iqukethe izinhlelo ezahlukene nemiyalo. Amasistimu okusebenza asetshenziswa kakhulu akule ndlela i-Android, iOS, Windows Phone ne-BlackBerry OS.
Inkampani ngayinye yokukhiqiza ikhetha uhlobo lohlelo ngokuya ngemininingwane yeselula. Ngamanye amagama, kuya ngemodeli ye-Smartphone, kubekwa uhlobo lohlelo oluvumelana nezimo zalolo cingo.
Amasistimu okusebenza kwamaselula alula kunalawo asetshenziswa kumakhompyutha, axhumene nephesenti eliphezulu ngokuxhumeka okungenantambo. Idatha esetshenzwe kumadivayisi eselula inamafomethi ahlukile, njengama-audios, izithombe, namavidiyo.
Amanye amafoni awafaki izinhlelo ezithile ezifakiwe kwisoftware kwamanye amakhompyutha. Endabeni yesistimu ye-Android, ezimweni eziningi ayinazo izinhlelo zokuphatha imibhalo, isihleli sevidiyo yezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Abasebenzisi kufanele babheke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelweni ezahlukahlukene ezithile ezingahambisana nalawa mafomethi.
Ubuhle balezi zinhlelo ezisebenzayo ukuthi ngokuxhumeka kwedatha noma i-Wi Fi, futhi nokuba nomthamo omuhle wememori, kungatholwa izinyathelo eziningi, kulayishwe izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ezitolo ezifanele. Kepha ake sibone imininingwane eningiliziwe mayelana naleli zwe elithakazelisayo lezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula.
Zisebenza kanjani
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ziyefana kakhulu. Izinhlobo lapho abakhiqizi banikela ngezinkampani zomakhalekhukhwini, empeleni zazenziwe ngamamojula ahlukahlukene afana nezinkumbulo ze-RAM nesoftware yekhompyutha. Ukuwavumela ukuthi athuthukise ukusebenza kwawo.
Lawa ma-module aqukethe uchungechunge lwezenzo ezenza imisebenzi ehlukile ngazinye. Ngale ndlela, bakha uhlelo oluphelele lokusebenza kwe-Smartphone, ake sibone ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zakhiwa kanjani.
Izingxenye
Lapho sivula i-Smartphone, inqubo iqala ngokushesha lapho izinqubo eziningi nezinsizakusebenza ezibizwa ngokuthi amamojula ezisebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zenziwa zisebenze. Lezi zenzo zivumela ifoni ukuthi isebenzise izenzo kumzuzwana nje.
Ifoni ngayinye yakhiwe ngohlelo lokusebenza oluqukethe amamojula nemiyalo. Yikuphi okuqoka ama-RAM ukuze asebenze kahle. Imodyuli ngayinye nengxenye yesoftware yezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, kubalulekile ukulawula isenzo ngasinye.
Zilusizo olukhulu futhi zakha uhlelo olubanzi lwemisebenzi ethakazelisa kakhulu. Amasistimu wokusebenza kwamaselula athandwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, asikho isibalo esiqondile senombolo yamafoni akhiqizwa minyaka yonke.
Abasebenzisi emhlabeni wonke futhi inkampani ithuthukisa amamodeli ahlukahlukene minyaka yonke. Ziphazamisa nezinguquko zamamojula wokusebenza, kepha ake sibone ukuthi amamojula abaluleke kakhulu asebenza kanjani.
Uhlamvu
Ingcezu encane yesoftware emele ibhuloho lokuxhuma phakathi kwehardware nesoftware, inenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zezinhlelo zokusebenza zeLinux ne-Android. Ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izinhlelo njengelungelo. Ngamanye amagama, kuvumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwazo zombili izinto zeselula, kunika impilo ukusebenza.
I-kernel kernel ilawula imemori ye-RAM ukuze iyenze isebenze kahle futhi yize ifana kakhulu nezinhlelo ezisebenza ngamakhompiyutha. Iphinde yakha i-nucleus eyenza imisebenzi eminingi. Lolu hlobo lwemodyuli lwenziwa yinkampani yeLinux futhi lwashintshwa ekuqaleni kuka-2006 lwenziwa amaselula.
Iqalisa izinhlelo zokusebenza
Izicelo ziqhutshwa ngemvelo yokuphatha evumela uku-oda ukwenziwa kwezicelo ezahlukahlukene. Ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izixhumi ezihlangene ukuze ukwazi ukugcina izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivulekile ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kungahlelelwa ngabathuthukisi. Lokho kamuva kubavumela ukuthi bandise ukusebenza kahle kwezicelo.
Middleware
Lolu hlobo lwemodyuli lwakhiwa ama-cores amaningi avumela ukwamukelwa kwezicelo kumaselula. Ivumela ukusungula amandla nokuhambisana kohlelo lokusebenza oluthile kumaselula.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, baphinde banikeze abasebenzisi ngezinsizakalo zenjini yemiyalezo, ukuxhumana nge-multimedia codec ukuze bakwazi ukubuka amavidiyo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, bahumushe amakhasi ewebhu. Phakathi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, iMiddleware ikuvumela ukuthi uphathe idivayisi ezindabeni zokuphepha.
Isibonisi
Le module yesenzo ivumela ukwenza ukuxhumana phakathi komsebenzisi nocingo. Ukwakheka komakhalekhukhwini kuyehluka kakhulu, ukuze kuthi lapho umuntu ethinta isikrini ukuze enze kusebenze futhi azi ukusebenza kwaso, isikhombimsebenzisi siphethe ukwenza ama-oda aceliwe
Le ndlela yokusebenza ivumela ukwazisa isethulo esibukwayo sezenzo ezibandakanya izinto ezahlukahlukene zemidwebo. Izinkinobho, amamenyu ahlukahlukene, izikrini nokunyakaza okuhlukahlukene kufakiwe okunikeza ukubukeka okuhlukile kokubonwayo. Umsebenzisi uthola insizakalo yokusebenzisana lapho izicelo ezenziwe kudivayisi zenziwa khona manjalo. isebenza kanjalo i-interface.
Yini amasistimu okusebenza kweselula?
Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 lawa okuthiwa amafoni ehlakaniphile angena emakethe, ukuphendula kwawo emphakathini kwakubalulekile, ukuze ukuminyana kwaqala ukwenzeka emhlabeni wonke. I-Smartphone yokuqala eyaguqula umhlaba wama-smartphones kwakuyiBlackBerry.
Lolu hlobo lwedivayisi lwalunezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene namamojula avumela abantu ukuthi benze izinto ezahlukahlukene ezenziwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule kumakhompyutha. Isistimu yokusebenza yeBlackBerry ikuvumela ukuba uxhume kwi-Intanethi, ulande izinhlelo zokusebenza zemidlalo, uhlele izithombe, uxhume ku-imeyili futhi uxhumane nezingosi zokuxhumana nabantu ngokushesha.
Ngasikhathi sinye, i-Motorola isebenzisa uhlelo lwe-Android ngendlela elula kakhulu, okuthi ekupheleni kuka-2006 nasekuqaleni kuka-2007 ingaphenduli njenganamuhla. Izinkampani ezinkulu zokuxhumana ezifana ne-Samsung, i-Apple, i-Sony, i-Ericsson phakathi kwezinye zaqala ukwenza amadivayisi anezikrini zokuthinta ezaguqula imakethe.
Lawa madivayisi asebenza ngezinhlelo ze-Android neWindows. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkampani yakwa-Apple ibisakha uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-iOS, ebelusetshenziselwa amadivayisi wenkampani kuphela. Kuyintsha futhi ukuthi kuvumele ukuthi kube yisethenjwa sezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezizothuthukiswa kamuva. Uhlelo ngalunye olusebenzayo lweselula luvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole izimpendulo ngokushesha futhi ezihambisana nezidingo zabo.
I-interface ibiphathwa ngokushesha futhi ibisebenziseka kalula. Ngale ndlela, izinhlobo zezinhlelo ezisebenza ngomakhalekhukhwini zakhula zaba yizo esinazo manje emakethe emhlabeni jikelele. Banikeza insizakalo enhle kumakhasimende lapho izinhlelo zokusebenza nokusebenza kuhluke kakhulu futhi kusebenza njengethuluzi lomsebenzi nokuzijabulisa. Kepha ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula.
Android
Ingumholi wamanje wezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone, inomsuka wayo ohlelweni lwe-Linux. Ukudalwa kwayo ekuqaleni kwakwenzelwe ukwenza izenzo zamakhamera ochwepheshe. Uhlelo luthengiselwe abakwaGoogle abenze ukulungisa okuthile futhi bakwazi ukuluvumelanisa namadivayisi ocingo.
Isistimu yokusebenza yeselula ye-Android nayo iyasetshenziswa kumathebulethi ayizinhlobo zama-Smartphones ngamafomethi amakhulu. Abathuthukisi bafuna izindlela zokuzivumelanisa nama-PC wedeskithophu nama-laptops. Okwenza izibuyekezo nentuthuko yesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Android yinkampani yakwaGoogle.
Idalwe ngu-Andy Rubin ngo-2003, uhlelo lokusebenza lwatholwa yi-Google ngo-2005. Ukuvela kokuqala njengoba sazi namuhla bekungu-2007, lapho amanye ama-smartphones aqala ukuthatha imakethe yezingcingo. IMotorola kanye ne-Samsung babe ngabokuqala ukuphathisa amadivayisi abo kuGoogle ukuthi asebenzise lolo hlelo lokusebenza.
I-Android ine-kernel (echazwe kule ndatshana) evumela izenzo ezibonakalayo phakathi kwesoftware ne-hardware. Yini okuguqukayo ngalolu hlobo lwesistimu yokusebenza yeselula ukuthi ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze izenzo ngokuthinta isikrini futhi bashiye eceleni uhlelo lokhiye bomzimba.
I-kernel ivunyelwe ukusungula amakhodi adingekayo we-java ukuze izinhlelo zokusebenza zisebenze ngesikhathi sokucelwa abasebenzisi. Le ndlela yokwenza isenzo ivumela uhlelo lweJava ukuthi luzithathele izinhlelo bese luzikhombisa esikrinini.
Kepha lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanayo azikwazi ukwenziwa ngqo kumakhompyutha, akukho ukuhambisana. I-Android iyisistimu yokusebenza yeselula evulekile futhi esebenzisana kakhulu.
Isebenze njengesethenjwa kuzibuyekezo zamanye amasistimu wokusebenza weselula. Amalayisense anikezwe i-Google ukusungula ukulungiswa konjiniyela nabakhiqizi befoni. Ngakho-ke bangenza okwahlukile inqobo nje uma bevumela ukuthuthuka kanye nokwenziwa kwezenzo zohlelo. Ungavakashela le ndatshana ethokozisayo Ikusasa leqiniso elibonakalayo
Uhlelo lwe-IOS
Yisistimu yokusebenza yeselula yamadivayisi we-iPhone, i-iPad, i-iPod Touch, ne-Apple TV. Inesistimu elula egcina izinhlelo eziningi ezigcina abasebenzisi bejabule ngokusebenza kwayo. Ithathwa njengenkampani yesibili ngobukhulu yesistimu yokusebenza yeselula ngemuva kwe-Android.
Kuyindlela elula futhi elula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Emhlabeni kunezigidi zabasebenzisi abafuna lolu hlobo lwedivayisi ngoba ukusebenza okuhlukahlukene kuvumela ukunika izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene. Ihardware isebenza kahle kakhulu futhi imisebenzi yenziwa ngokushesha. Ngonyaka inkampani ivuselela uhlelo kanye nezinguqulo ezitholakalayo eziletha uhlobo oluthile lwezinto ezintsha.
Isistimu yabizwa ekuqaleni kwayo i-iPhone OS, yadalelwa ukuthi isetshenziswe kuphela kumadivayisi akhiqizwe yi-Apple. Kamuva yashintshelwa ukuthinta izingcingo ezaqala ukuphuma ngo-2008. Uhlelo luyefana kakhulu futhi luthatha amathuluzi athile ohlelweni lwe-Mac OS X, okuyi-command command yamakhompiyutha enkampani iMacbook.
Ekuqaleni uhlelo lwalushintshelwa amadivayisi alalelwayo kuphela, futhi kamuva lwashintshelwa ukuthinta izingcingo. Ngo-2008 babengabaholi futhi benza inguquko emakethe ngobuhlakani babo. Kamuva, kwavela amanye amadivayisi afana ne-Galaxy SII ne-SII evela enkampanini yakwa-Samsung, anciphisa ukusebenza kuka-Apple.
I-Windows Phone
Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lweselula lwakhiwa yinkampani yeMicrosoft, okwamanje ebizwa nge-WS, ilandela uhlelo lweWindows Mobile olusebenzayo. Lolu hlelo lune-interface efana kakhulu ne-Windows system esetshenziswa kumakhompyutha. Iveza izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene namamojula ahlobene ne-Skype, OneDrive ne-Xbox.
Luhlelo lwesithathu olusebenzayo ngemuva kwe-Android ne-iOS yakwaGoogle, luvele emakethe maphakathi no-2015, lapho luthatha unomphela iWindows Phone. Kwakuhlobene nesistimu yokusebenza ye-Windows 10 PC, lapho kutholakala khona izinsizakusebenza ezithile namathuluzi. Okusetshenziswe kamuva ku-WS.
Idizayini yayo ilula kakhulu futhi ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baxhume ngokushesha futhi kalula ngokuxhumana ngokuthinta. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zalolu hlobo zingatholakala esitolo seWindows se-mobiles uqobo.
IBlackBerry OS
Kwakungenye yezinhlelo zokuqala zokusebenza zeselula ukungena emakethe ehlobene nama-Smartphones. Yakhiwa yinkampani yeResearch In Motion (RIM) ngonyaka we-2010, eyethula ezinye izinto ezintsha. Umqondo bekuwukuqhudelana nazo zonke ezinye izinhlelo ezikhona zeselula ezisebenzayo.
Yize uhlelo lweBlackBerry lwalungumholi nomqambi eminyakeni eyedlule, lwalubusa kakhulu emakethe ye-smartphone, lufaka imodeli yayo yocingo ngohlelo lokusebenza lweBlackBerry, olwamukelwa kabanzi ngabasebenzisi ezinhlotsheni zalo ezahlukahlukene.
Lezi zinguqulo zivumelana nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza ezenzelwe imodeli yeselula. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi amakhasimende athole amafoni a-smart nge-innovative and applications applications. Kamuva, ngokufika kwamadivayisi wokuthinta amaselula, uhlelo lwe-BB lwahlala emuva.
Inkampani yeRIM izamile ukubeka uhlelo olusebenzayo lweBlackBerry 6 ngqo olubhekiswe emakethe yezinkampani. Ezinye izinhlobo zokuthinta iBlackBerry zikhishwe ngalolu hlelo lokusebenza lwe-BB6 kodwa ngaphandle kwempendulo enhle evela kubasebenzisi.
Abathuthukisi babe sebegxila ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokusebenza olunikezelwe kuphela engxenyeni ye-multimedia, ukuguqula amamojula nezenzo ngamanethiwekhi omphakathi kanye nemiyalezo esheshayo. Kuze kube manje, abasebenzisi abanikanga impendulo elindelekile.
I-Simbyan OS
Kwakuyingxenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ezihlanganisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe isikhombimsebenzisi esisodwa. Ubumbano phakathi kweNokia njengesikhombi esikhulu kanye ne-Sony Ericsson, i-Samsung, i-Nokia, i-BenQ, i-Fujitsu, i-Lenovo, i-LG, ne-Motorola, ivumeleke ukuthi yakhe uhlelo olusha olube nomthelela omkhulu isikhathi esithile.
Lolu hlelo lwasungulwa ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi yamatheminali angancintisana namadivayisi afana nezingcingo zePalm neMicrosoft. ISumÃan Iqoqa uchungechunge lwamakhodi abulawa ngasikhathi sinye namafayela ambalwa. Lokhu kuhlobene nezithombe, amafayela wedatha njll.
Isistimu igcinwa ngqo ngaphakathi kweselula, ivumela imininingwane ukuthi igcinwe noma ngabe uhlelo alunawo amandla webhethri. Izicelo ezineSumÃan zenziwa ngezilimi zokuhlela ezincike kwiJava kanye neVisual Basic yamadivayisi eselula. Uhlelo luzivumelanisa namadivayisi kepha aluzange lube nomthelela olindelekile.
I-Firefox OS
Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lweselula lugcina inqubo yokufaka isicelo ngokuya nge-HTML5 ehlobene namamojula wohlelo lwe-Linux. Yakhiwa yiMozilla Corporation ngokubambisana nezinye izinkampani ezihlobene namaphrojekthi amasha ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zamaselula.
Yenzelwe ukuvumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-HTML5, okuwulimi olusetshenziselwa ukudala okuqukethwe kwewebhu. Ibuye inikeze ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithuthukile ze-multimedia kufaka phakathi imisindo namavidiyo. Sebenzisa amathuluzi afana neJavaScript ne-Open Web APIs. Lolu hlelo lufakiwe kumadivayisi eselula afana ne-Raspberry Pi namanye amafoni smart, inokuhambisana kwe-Android.
Ukwethulwa kwalolu hlelo lokusebenza kwamaselula emhlabeni wonke, okwenziwa yiMozilla ngo-2013, kwazama ukuzibeka emazweni aseLatin America naseNtshonalanga Yurophu lapho imakethe ye-Smartphone ikhula khona kakhulu. Izinkampani ezifana ne-LG Electronics, ZTE, Huawei ne-TCL Corporation zithembise ukuthi zizofaka lolu hlelo lokusebenza kumadivayisi eselula azo kusukela ngonyaka ka-2104 kuya phambili.
Ubuntu Thinta
Okuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo, kusekelwe ohlelweni lwe-Linux. Kuyisistimu yokusebenza ephathekayo ye-Linux. Yakhiwa yi-Canonical Ltd, yakhishwa ngo-2014 futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu kumathebulethi, kwi-Netbook nakumadivayisi amancane aphathekayo. Ifana kakhulu nohlelo lwe-Android futhi inezici ezifana kakhulu nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, ukwamukelwa kwayo emakethe kukhawulwe kakhulu.
Uma uyithandile le ndatshana, sikumema ukuthi uvakashele ibhulogi yethu kulezi zixhumanisi ezilandelayo: