Ezweni elilawulwa amakhompiyutha ngokufanayo elibiza ukunaka kwethu ukwazi yiziphi izingxenye zekhompyutha, Yiziphi izingxenye zekhompuyutha? futhi ahlanganisani izingxenye zekhompiyutha kanye nemisebenzi yazo. Kulesi sihloko uzofunda, ngenxa yolwazi olunembile nolwazi oluningiliziwe, yiziphi izingxenye zekhompiyutha? Futhi izici zemisebenzi yayo eyinhloko.
Izingxenye zekhompyutha
Njengoba kungenzeka uyazi kakade, amakhompyutha angamathuluzi omsebenzi asezingeni eliphezulu namuhla. Futhi yingakho sizokwethula izincazelo nokusebenza kwezingxenye zekhompiyutha.
Kuyunithi yesistimu noma Ikesi iningi lezingxenye noma izingxenye zekhompuyutha, njengememori ye-RAM, ikhadi levidiyo, ukunikezwa kwamandla, phakathi kokunye. Lezi zingxenye zixhunywe endaweni ebiyelwe ngezintambo kanye/noma nezimbobo.
Endabeni yama-laptops noma ama-laptops, izingxenye ezifana negundane, ikhibhodi, izikhulumi, phakathi kwabanye zihlanganiswe ecaleni.Okokuqala, sizokhuluma nge-"ubuchopho", mhlawumbe enye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zekhompiyutha ukuthi bangu.
Iyunithi Yokusebenza Ephakathi
Yaziwa kangcono njenge-CPU (Iyunithi Yokucubungula Emaphakathi). I-Central Processing Unit ingenye yezingxenye zekhompiyutha ezingaphakathi kweKhabhinethi. Iphethe ukusesha, ukuhumusha, ukwenza kanye nokubhala kabusha imiyalelo yesistimu. Zonke izingxenye ziqondiswa futhi ziyalwa yi-CPU.
I-CPU yakhiwe ngamabhulokhi amathathu: iyunithi yokulawula, iyunithi yokucubungula kanye nebhasi lokufaka / lokuphumayo.
CU
Lawa mayunithi okulawula asesha indawo yokugcina i-hard disk ukuze uthole ama-algorithms noma imiyalelo, ukuze uwahumushe bese uyala Iyunithi Yenqubo ukuthi iwasebenzise.
Iyunithi yokucubungula:
Ngemva kokuthi Iyunithi Yokulawula ithole futhi inqume imiyalelo okufanele yenziwe, ithumela lezi zinkomba kuPhiko Lokucubungula ukuze likwazi ukuzisebenzisa. Bese, Uphiko Lwezinqubo luphethe ukwenza izinkomba eziyalelwa Uphiko Lokulawula.
Uphiko Lwenqubo lunayo, i-Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU):
Iyunithi ye-Arithmetic Logic:
Uhlelo lwangaphakathi lwesistimu lisebenzisa izibalo ezilula, njengokwengeza, ukususa, ukuphindaphinda, ukuhlukanisa noma ukushintsha izimpawu. Futhi inama-opharetha anengqondo njengokuthi HHAYI, KANYE, NOMA, XOR, noma ngezinqubo ezinengqondo ezifana nokuqhathanisa kancane, amashifu, noma ukuzungezisa.
Kulezi zinsuku, ama-CPU ashintshile, manje asenama-cores amaningana, futhi i-nucleus ngayinye ine-Execution Units eminingana, yona enamayunithi amaningana we-Arithmetic Logic.
Ama-ALU angaphinde atholakale kumakhadi okucubungula izithombe zevidiyo noma, njengoba aziwa kanjalo, amakhadi evidiyo. Inzuzo yengxenye ngayinye yekhompuyutha enamayunithi ayo e-Arithmetic Logic ngokuzimela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezivela ku-Central Processing Unit akugwenywa.
Okokufaka kweBHASI / okukhiphayo:
Ziyindlela ngayinye yokuxhumana enesibopho sokusungula ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye zekhompiyutha.
Ikhompiyutha ingabhekwa njengenokusebenza okuhle okusekelwe kujubane layo lokucubungula, uma isofthiwe yayo isesikhathini samanje, kanye nesikhala sayo sememori yangaphakathi. Lezi zici ezintathu zihlobene nokugcinwa kwekhompyutha.
Ikhompyutha ingaqhubeka nokulondoloza ulwazi ngisho nalapho icishiwe. Izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko ezigcina idatha i-Hard Drive ne-RAM Memory Card.
I-Hard Disk
Ingase futhi yaziwe ngokuthi i-Hard Disk Drive noma i-Hard Disk Drive, kodwa yaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-Hard Disk. Lona unesibopho sokuqoqa cishe lonke ulwazi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, izinhlelo namafayela akhona kukhompuyutha.
Igama layo livela endleleni eyakhiwe ngayo, njengoba inediski elilodwa noma ngaphezulu eliqinile elenziwe noma elimbozwe ngezinto kazibuthe. Uma kunamadiski angaphezu kwelilodwa, abekwa elinye phezu kwelinye kunomfundi/umbhali omisiwe phakathi kwelinye. Ulwazi luqoshwa ngozibuthe kuma-disc ukuze lungasulwa futhi lungatholwa uma lonakalisiwe.
Imemori ye-RAM
Imemori ye-RAM evela kwisifinyezo sayo ngesiNgisi "Inkumbulo Yokufinyelela Okungahleliwe", noma Imemori Yokufinyelela Engahleliwe, igcina ulwazi oluphathwayo ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igcina idatha okwesikhashana, ngenhloso yokuba nedatha abasebenza ngayo ngaleso sikhathi endaweni efinyeleleke kancane.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukwazi ukuvula izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, nokuthi zombili zisebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kokuphahlazeka kwekhompyutha yethu, kungenxa yenkumbulo ye-RAM. Eqinisweni, esinye sezici okufanele sizicabangele lapho uthenga ikhompyutha, ngisho nomakhalekhukhwini, inkumbulo yayo ye-RAM.
Lonke ulwazi olukumemori ye-RAM luzosulwa lapho sicisha ikhompuyutha yethu, nakuba lokhu kungasikiseli ukuthi kuqinisekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, umsebenzi wayo ukulondoloza idatha esetshenziswayo njengamanje. Okusho ukuthi, igcina imininingwane edingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe amafayela noma izinhlelo, kodwa hhayi ifayela noma uhlelo ngokwalo, njengoba lezi zigcinwa ku-Hard Drive.
Ibhodi lomama
Ibhodi lomama, ibhodi lomama noma ibhodi elikhulu liyingxenye yekhompyutha futhi liqukethe ikhadi le-elekthronikhi elina:
- Izixhumi zokuphakela amandla
- Isokhethi Yeyunithi Yokucubungula Okukodwa noma eminingi
- Izikhala ze-RAM
- Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe noma ama-chipset.
Zonke izingxenye zekhompiyutha zizoxhunywa kuleli bhodi, ngakho-ke i-Motherboard kufanele ihambisane nazo zonke ezinye izingxenye. Ngakho-ke, i-Motherboard isungula amanani nezinhlobo zezinkumbulo ze-RAM, Amayunithi Ediski, Amakhadi Evidiyo, nokunye engasebenzisana nakho.
Imemori ye-ROM (Inkumbulo Efundwayo Kuphela) ihlanganiswe ebhodini lomama. I-ROM akufanele ididaniswe ne-RAM, njengoba i-ROM iqukethe ulwazi olungenakusulwa noma lubhalwe kabusha. Ngakho-ke igama layo elithi Funda Kuphela Inkumbulo. I-ROM yilapho i-firmware ye-BIOS ikhona, eyenza ukuhlaziywa kwekhibhodi, amadivayisi, nevidiyo. Ukwengeza, i-firmware ye-BIOS yilapho isistimu yokusebenza ilayishwa noma igcinwa khona.
Gada
Imonitha ingenye yezingxenye zekhompuyutha lapho kuboniswa khona ukusebenzelana komsebenzisi. Kumakhompiyutha amadala, ngaphambi kokuba kube khona abaqaphi, amasignali athunyelwa ku-opharetha ngezibani. Kamuva, kwavela amakhadi ashaywayo. Kwabe sekuvela ama-teletypes. Ekugcineni, phakathi neminyaka yama-70 kwadalwa abaqaphi bokuqala.
Mouse
Eyaziwa nge-Spanish ngokuthi igundane, iphethe ukuba ngumhlahlandlela wesikhombi esisibona kumonitha yethu. Lesi sikhombi sibonisa ohlelweni uma sifuna ukuvula / ukuvala, ukukhetha / ukukhipha, ukwenza kusebenze / ukuvala, izinhlelo zokusebenza, imiyalo noma imisebenzi yesistimu.
Iqukethe izinkinobho ezimbili, eyinhloko (kwesokunxele), neyesibili (kwesokudla). Amagundane asesikhathini samanje emakethe awanantambo, okusho ukuthi awadingi ikhebula. Ngokunjalo, inesondo lokuskrola liye phezulu naphansi efasiteleni noma esikrinini.
Ikhibhodi
Ikhibhodi ingenye yezingxenye zekhompuyutha ezakhiwe ngezinkinobho ezinezinombolo, izinhlamvu nezimpawu zokuloba eziqoshwe kuzo. Kukhona futhi okhiye ababizwa ngokuthi okhiye bokusebenza, okhiye bokuzulazula, kanye nekhiphedi yezinombolo.
Sikumema ukuthi ufunde isihloko esithi «izingxenye zekhompyutha»Lapho sichaza khona ngokuningiliziwe ingxenye ngayinye yekhompuyutha nokuthi ungazihlanganisa kanjani izisetshenziswa zakho.