Kuthiwani uma izinhlangano zicubungula yonke idatha yazo ekusekelweni kwezinqumo? Yini ebingenzeka uma bengasebenzisa isoftware ekhethekile ebisetshenziselwa ukwethula imininingwane nokuhlaziywa okufanayo? Sizonikeza ezinye Izibonelo Zedatha Warehouse ukuphendula le mibuzo.
Izibonelo Zokugcina Imininingwane
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamagama amabili okuthi, ngenxa yesifinyezo sawo, asidide kalula, futhi kusukela ekuqaleni inhloso ukuthi umsebenzisi azi ukuthi yini okumele ayilindele futhi azi imiqondo eyisisekelo abaya kuyo ukubhekana. Lapha sizokhombisa izibonelo ezingapheli ezisebenza ukuze umuntu abe namathuluzi okuhlukanisa lezi zinto.
Incazelo
Ngokunaka umehluko phakathi kwale migomo emibili, sizoqhubeka nokuwachaza ngokusemthethweni, ngoba kuyinqubo ekhipha, iguqule, ihlanganise futhi ihlanganise imininingwane yenhlangano, yangaphakathi nangaphandle, ukuze yenziwe ifinyeleleke futhi isebenziseke esinqumweni -ukwenza.
Ngendlela efanayo, indawo yokugcina imininingwane yedatha nayo ingachazwa njengesisekelo esinemininingwane yohlelo lwamafayela ngogesi, eligcina imininingwane edingekayo yokuhlaziywa kolwazi nokwenza izinqumo. Umehluko wayo ukuthi ugxile kwezamabhizinisi, uhlanganisiwe, uyahluka ngesikhathi futhi awuguquguquki.
Ngokuyinhloko, i-Data Warehousing (DWH) iyinqubo futhi i-Data Warehouse (DW) iyi-database.
Izici
Kunezici eziningana ezibonisa indawo yokugcina idatha enikezela ngamathuluzi adingekayo ukuze isetshenziswe kahle, ngaleyo ndlela ihambisane nemihlahlandlela ehleliwe ekhiqiza amathuluzi wokuyisebenzisa ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Sizocacisa imininingwane yezindawo zokugcina idatha:
Okwenzelwe ibhizinisi
Idatha efanelekile kuphela efakwa kwiDatha Warehouse ukuze ihlaziywe futhi ithathe izinqumo. Lokho wukuthi, idatha engenanani lokuhlaziya, njengamakheli egumbi, amakhodi eposi, amakheli e-imeyili, phakathi kokunye, awabhekwa. Kepha zinentshisekelo eguquguqukayo efana nohlobo lweklayenti, indawo, iminyaka, njll.
Izinhlangano ezisezingeni eliphakeme ziphethwe, njengamakhasimende, imikhiqizo, izinto, izindawo, nokunye. Imininingwane igcinwa ngendlela ebanzi, okungukuthi, empeleni namatafula wobukhulu.
Kuhlanganiswe
Yonke idatha evela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene ihlanganisiwe ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuhlanzeka kwayo. Imithombo emikhulu yedatha yile:
Ngokuya ngohlobo lomsebenzisi.
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- Ukusebenza: Ikhiqiza inani elikhulu ledatha nsuku zonke, kepha yona ngokwayo ayihlobene kangako nokuhlaziywa okudingekayo. Isibonelo, ukuthengiswa komkhiqizo.
- Okulingene: Idala idatha enomthelela esikhathini esifushane naphakathi, ngokuya ngemininingwane yokusebenza. Isibonelo esihle salo mqondo yisizukulwane sokusungula.
- Ukuphatha: Isebenzisa idatha evela kunqubo yokuhlanganisa noguquko. Ngokulandelayo, ikhiqiza imininingwane emisha. Ngokuyisisekelo ibhekisa kumsebenzisi weDatha Warehouse.
Ngokusho kwendawo noma umnyango wenhlangano
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- Izindawo: Ngamunye unemithwalo yemfanelo echazwe kahle. Benza idatha yabo eyabiwa nezinye izindawo.
- Iziqeshana: Imvamisa zihlala ngokwezindawo. Banikela ngemininingwane yendawo, okumele ifakwe phakathi kokunye.
Ngokusho komthombo
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- Ngaphakathi: Bakhiqiza idatha yabo, evela kwimisebenzi yansuku zonke yenkampani.
- Ngaphandle: Zihlanganisa idatha yangaphakathi, ngokwesibonelo ukubalwa kwabantu nezibalo.
Okuhlukile ngesikhathi
Ivumela ukufinyelela kuzinguqulo ezahlukahlukene zesimo esifanayo, ngoba idatha yamanje igcinwa kanye nedatha yomlando, ezibonelweni zokugcina idatha.
Akuguquguquki
Iqinisekisa ukusimama kolwazi, ngoba uma idatha ingena, ayishintshi. Lokho wukuthi, idatha ilawulwa kuphela uma kufakwa nalapho kuthintwa khona.
Ngokufingqa, izimfanelo eziphambili zeDatha Warehouse yilezi:
Izimfanelo
Isingatha idatha ngevolumu, umphumela wokuqongelelwa kwedatha yomlando, yamanje nehlanganisiwe, evela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene.
Ibeka lonke ivolumu yedatha kusizinda esisodwa esisodwa. Hlela idatha ngendlela ehlukahlukene.
Izinzuzo
Ngenxa yezimpawu nezimfanelo zayo, iDatha Warehouse yethula izinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- Iyanciphisa isikhathi esincane esidingekayo ukuqoqa yonke imininingwane efanele kusihloko esithile.
- Inikeza amathuluzi wokuhlaziya.
- Imibiko eminingi kanye nokuhlaziywa kuchazwa ngumsebenzisi.
- Ikuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele ngqo, uhlaziye futhi ubheke izinkomba zenhlangano.
- Kuyasiza ukukhomba izinto ezithinta ukusebenza kwenkampani.
- Ivumela ukuthuthuka nokunquma ukusebenza kwesikhathi esizayo kwesikhungo.
- Abasebenzisi bangabuza idatha ngokushesha futhi kalula.
Ngamafuphi, iDatha Warehouse isiza inhlangano ukuphendula imibuzo ebalulekile yokwenza izinqumo. Lokhu kuzuza izinzuzo zokuncintisana ezandisa isikhundla sabo emakethe abasebenza kuyo. Eminye yale mibuzo yile:
- Iyini iphrofayili yamakhasimende?
- Kunjani ukuziphatha kwabo?
- Iyini inzuzo yebhizinisi?
- Iyini ingozi enhlanganweni?
- Yiziphi izinsizakalo nemikhiqizo oyisebenzisayo futhi ungayandisa kanjani?
Indawo yokufaka isicelo
I-Data Warehouse ingashintshwa kunoma iyiphi inhlangano, kungakhathalekile ubukhulu bayo nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwayo. Lokhu kungumphumela we-ajenda yanoma isiphi isikhungo, inkampani noma inhlangano lapho yenza izinqumo ezifanele maqondana nedatha eyivezayo.
Izingozi zohlelo lokusebenza
Kudinga utshalomali olukhulu engxenyeni yenhlangano. Izinzuzo zokuqaliswa kwayo azibonwa esikhathini esifushane, kodwa esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside.
Ukuphathwa kwedatha kusongela ukwenziwa kwemininingwane ebucayi.
Izici okufanele zicatshangelwe
Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni, kunezici eziningana okufanele zicatshangelwe ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinto ekusetshenzisweni kweseva. Phakathi kwabo singabala okulandelayo:
Izindleko zohlelo lokusebenza
Idatha Warehouse ithwala izindleko zokwakha, ukusebenza nokusekela. Izindleko zokwakha zisho izindleko zabasebenzi, isikhathi nobuchwepheshe, kanti ezokusebenza nokunakekelwa, zibheka izindleko zokuvela, ukukhula kanye nalezo ezikhiqizwa izinguquko kumsuka wedatha.
Umthelela kubantu
Ukusetshenziswa kweDatha Warehouse njalo kudala okulindelwe kubasebenzisi, okuzodingeka ukuthi bathole amakhono amasha. Impumelelo yalolu hlobo lwedatha incike ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo nempendulo evela kubasebenzisi.
Umthelela ezinhlelweni zebhizinisi nezokwenza izinqumo
Ngokusetshenziswa kweDatha Warehouse, ukuntuleka okuthile kuzinqubo zebhizinisi kungavezwa, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ukuzethemba ezinqumweni ezithathwe ngokuya ngemiphumela etholwe yiyo kuyanda.
Izakhiwo
Ukwakhiwa okujwayelekile kwesibonelo sedatha Warehouse kukhonjiswa kumfanekiso ongenhla. Njengoba kungabonakala, lolu hlelo lubandakanya uchungechunge lokuxhumana phakathi kwezakhi zalo. Mayelana nalokhu futhi njengesifinyezo, ukusebenza kwayo kungachazwa kanjena:
- Imininingwane ithathwa emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, efana nezinsizakalo zewebhu, amafayela kanye neminye imininingwane, ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
- Lapho idatha isithathiwe, iyahlanganiswa, iguqulwe futhi ihlanzwe, ukuze kamuva ilayishwe kwiDatha Warehouse.
- Ukuze kukhiqizwe imininingwane yamasu namasu, kutholakala imibiko kanye nokuhlaziywa ngokulayishwa kwedatha.
- Ekugcineni, abasebenzisi bangaxhumana futhi bahlole imibiko kanye nokuhlaziywa okwenziwe.
Izinto
Manje sizochaza ezinye zezinto ezingahlolwa kwi-Data Warehouse okufanele zicatshangelwe.
Imithombo Yedatha Yedatha
Ngokuvamile, zingumphumela womsebenzi wansuku zonke wenkampani, lapho kuthiwa yimithombo yangaphakathi. Lapho idatha ithathwa kusuka, ngokwesibonelo, kumaseva wewebhu, lokhu kubhekwa njengemithombo yangaphandle. Zihlukile komunye nomunye, ngoba zincike kwimvelaphi yazo, ifomethi, umsebenzi, njll.
Ukukhipha, ukuguqula nokulayisha
Eyaziwa njenge-ETL, kuyinqubo efaka yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa kusukela lapho idatha itholakala kuze kube yilapho ilayishwa kwiDatha Warehouse. Lezi yilezi: ukukhipha, ukukhwabanisa, ukulawula, ukuhlanganiswa, ukuhlanzwa kwedatha, ukulayishwa nokuvuselelwa.
Isizinda
Kubandakanya amasu agxile ekutholeni, emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, kuphela idatha efanelekile nokuyigcina kwisitoreji sangaphakathi. Lolu hlobo lwesitoreji luvumela idatha ukuthi isetshenziswe ngaphandle kokungenelela noma ukuguqula imithombo noma i-Data Warehouse enedatha eningi, kwakha ungqimba wokukhipha phakathi kokufunda nokulayisha, ukugcina nokuphatha imethadatha eyenziwe enqubweni nokwenza lula ukuhlanganiswa.
Isizinda sincike ezidingweni zabasebenzisi kanye nezidingo ezichazwe kusixazululo.
Ushintsho
Lawa ngamasu aphethe okwenza amafomethi ahlukile ahambisane, kanye nokuhlunga nokuhlukanisa idatha, kanye nemithombo ephathelene.
Lo msebenzi unesibopho sokusebenzisa yonke imiyalo efanele maqondana nedatha, ukuze uyiqhakambise ngendlela eqinile nenengqondo ehambisanayo nehambisana neDatha Warehouse. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhekele inhlanzeko kanye nekhwalithi yedatha.
Carga
Mayelana namasu wokulayisha kokuqala kwedatha nokuvuselelwa ngezikhathi ezithile kweDatha Warehouse.
- Umthwalo wokuqala ubhekisa kumthwalo wokuqala wedatha otholwa yi-Data Warehouse. Ngokuvamile, kuthatha isikhathi esiningi ngenxa yenani elikhulu lamarekhodi ezikhathi ezinde.
- Ukuvuselelwa ngezikhathi ezithile kusho ukufakwa kwamanani amancane wedatha. Umgomo wakho ukufaka kumasampula wedatha yedatha kuphela leyo datha ekhiqizwa kusuka kusibuyekezo sokugcina. Kuya ngezidingo nezidingo zomsebenzisi.
Ngamafuphi, ngenqubo yokulayisha idatha, ukugcinwa kweDatha Warehouse kuqinisekisiwe.
Ngokufingqa, kungashiwo ukuthi inqubo ye-ETL yenziwa kanjena:
- Imininingwane, uma ikhishwe emithonjeni efanele, ifakwa kwisitoreji sangaphakathi.
- Ngenkathi idatha igcinwa kusitoreji sangaphakathi, iyahlanganiswa futhi iguqulwe.
- Lapho idatha ihlanzwa, ngemuva kwesinyathelo esedlule, idluliselwa kwi-Data Warehouse.
Imibiko
Imibiko ingamathuluzi wokuqhafaza avumela umsebenzisi ukuthola imibiko enemininingwane kulwazi lwenkampani yakho. Indlela yokuxhumana nale mibiko ilula kakhulu kumsebenzisi, ngoba imiyalo elula ukulandela. Ngokuyisisekelo, kufanele ukhethe izinketho kwimenyu, ubhekise ezimweni nasekucacisweni kwesihloko esethulwe.
I-OLAP
Iyisakhi esinamandla kunazo zonke seDatha Warehouse, ngoba iqukethe injini yemibuzo ehlukahlukene yezinhlelo eziningi.
Ivumela ukuhlaziywa kwenhlangano kusuka kuzimo zomlando ezahlukahlukene. Iphrojekthi yayo yokuziphatha nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kusuka kumbono wobubanzi obuningi, okungukuthi, ngokuhlanganisa imibono eyahlukene, izihloko ezithakazelisayo noma ubukhulu. Lokhu kuvumela izitayela ukuthi zinciphiswe ngokuthola ubudlelwano phakathi kwemibono okungaba nzima ukukuthola ekuqaleni.
Idatha yokuThola
Ngokuyinhloko ithuluzi lezibalo, okungenziwa ngalo ukubikezela. Imayelana nokufaka isimilo, ngaphandle kokuthi kube nemithetho esungulwe ngaphambilini. Idala imibiko ngendlela yamatafula namagrafu, phakathi kokunye, okukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwezinqumo ngendlela esebenzayo. Isebenza ngesisekelo semininingwane esivele icutshungulwe ngokuphelele.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-OLAP ne-Data Mining
Lapho sekucutshungulwe izici ezisemqoka ze-OLAP neDatha Minig, umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwazo ungasungulwa.
- Kusetshenziswa i-OLAP, isimo samanje senkampani siyachazwa, sinikeza izimpendulo ezisheshayo ezenza kube lula ukuthatha izinqumo.
- IData Minig ibikezela izimo, ngokuya ngocwaningo lolwazi olufihliwe olucasula izinhlobo ezithile zokuziphatha.
Ngenxa yalokho, zombili lezi zinhlelo zibhekene nokuxazulula izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimo zokuhlaziya.
Idatha Minig nobudlelwano bayo neDatha Warehouse
Uhlelo lwe-Data Minig ubuchwepheshe bokusekelwa komsebenzisi wokugcina, inhloso yakhe ukukhipha imininingwane ewusizo kulwazi oluqukethwe ku-database yezinkampani. Ngamanye amagama, umsuka wolwazi olusetshenziswe yi-Data Minig algorithms imvamisa idatha yomlando equkethwe kwiDatha Warehouse.
Kufanele kube nokuhlanganiswa phakathi kwamasu weDatha Minig nezinqubo ezibandakanyeka kwiDatha Warehouse. Okungukuthi, ukuze sikwazi ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwebhizinisi, kufanele kube nokuvumelana phakathi kweDatha Minig, iDatha Warehouse kanye neseva ye-OLAP.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho i-Data Warehouse inikeza imiphumela emisha, inkampani ingafaka isicelo kabusha kwiDatha Minig ukuze ikwazi ukwenza izinqumo.
Ngamafuphi, iData Minig neDatha Warehouse ngamathuluzi ahambelana ngokuphelele. Idatha Warehouse inikeza inkumbulo, kanye nobuhlakani beDatha Minig.
Imininingwane yolwazi yendabuko vs Idatha Warehouse
Ukuhlaziywa kwezinto ezivezwe kuze kube manje, kusiholela ekuqondeni ukuthi i-Data Warehouse yehlukile kulwazi oluxhasa ukuqhutshwa kwansuku zonke kwezinhlangano. Lapha umehluko oyisisekelo
- Emininingwaneni yolwazi yendabuko imininingwane ihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi itholakale kalula futhi ivuselelwe. I-Warehouse Yedatha ihlelekile futhi ibhekiswe kumsebenzisi wokugcina, ongenza imibuzo kuphela.
- Imininingwane eguquguqukayo inakekela ukucubungula kwansuku zonke kwedatha. Idatha Warehouse isebenza nedatha yomlando, okungukuthi, ehambelana nezikhathi ezinde.
- Imininingwane yolwazi yendabuko ifinyelelwa kaningi phakathi nosuku lokusebenza. Ku-Warehouse Yedatha, ukufundwa nemibuzo kuncane, njengoba kutholakala ngokungafani.
- Umthamo wedatha olawulwa yiDatha Warehouse uphezulu kakhulu kunalokho okuphethwe kulwazi lwendabuko.
- Isakhiwo sezisekelo zokuthengiselana sizinzile. Isakhiwo seDatha Warehouse siyehluka ngokuya ngokuvela kwayo nokusetshenziswa kwayo.
Okulandelayo, sizosungula ezinye Izibonelo Zedatha Warehouse.
Izibonelo Zokugcina Imininingwane
Inkampani ezweni lonke, ezinikele ekuthengisweni kwempahla yokuhlanza ezingeni lesitolo esidayisa yonke impahla kanye nezitolo, nayo ebhekwa njengosayizi ophakathi nendawo ngenxa yenani lokuthengisa kwayo, inenhloso enkulu yokwengeza inzuzo yayo. Ngokufanayo, ukuze uthole amakhasimende amaningi, ufuna ukunweba uye ezingeni elisha lemakethe futhi, kamuva, wandise ulayini wakho womkhiqizo. Enye yezinqubomgomo zayo eziyinhloko ukuthuthuka ngokuqhubekayo ukuthola isikhundla esingcono maqondana nalabo esincintisana nabo ngamasampula wokugcina idatha.
Ukusetshenziswa kweDatha Warehouse kunikeza izinzuzo ezilandelayo enhlanganweni.
- Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babe nokubuka konke kwebhizinisi.
- Shintsha idatha yokusebenza ibe yimininingwane yokuhlaziya, egxile ekuthathweni kwezinqumo.
- Khiqiza imibiko enamandla esiza ukuhlaziywa kwakho.
- Kusiza ukwakhiwa kwamasu wokufeza izinhloso zenhlangano.
- Kuzuzisa ukuzinza kwesakhiwo senkampani.
Esinye isibonelo sendawo yokugcina imininingwane yansuku zonke sisho ukuphathwa kwesikhungo semfundo, esinamaphutha maqondana nokuxhumana nabafundi baso. Ngokufanayo, asinaso isikhungo semininingwane esihlanganisiwe esinemininingwane yonke. Inhloso yalesi sikhungo ukuphelezela abafundi ngesikhathi somsebenzi wabo nangemva kokuphothula iziqu, ukunikeza iziphakamiso ezintsha ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhlangano kanye nokuthuthuka kwabafundi.
Ngokusetshenziswa kweDatha Warehouse sifuna ukuphendula izidingo zenyuvesi. Ngokweqiniso, ukuqeda ukuphindaphindwa kolwazi kanye nokuba khona kwemininingwane eyiphutha ngabafundi, kanye nalo lonke ulwazi, ngokubanzi, olubhekwa njengekhwalithi engeyinhle futhi olungafanelekile. Ngokwengeziwe, lonke ulwazi luhlanganisiwe, lwakha irekhodi elihlanganisiwe labafundi elisebenza njengesisekelo sokwakhiwa okufanele kwephrojekthi yesikhungo.
Ekugcineni, imisebenzi yokuthengisa iyakhuthazwa, inikela inyuvesi inzuzo enkulu nokusiza ukukhula kwayo ngokuphathwa kahle kolwazi.
Sengiphetha, ezibonelweni zokugcina izimpahla zedatha kunikeza ithuba lokwazi ukuthi kwenzekani enhlanganweni, ukuthi kwenzekeni, yini engenzeka nokuthi kungani. Ungabona i-athikili izinhlobo zamagciwane ekhompyutha.