Izinto zenethiwekhiKusukela ekuqaleni komhlaba wamakhompiyutha kuze kube namuhla, kunezinto ezaziwayo zenethiwekhi ezingenelela ukufeza ukuxhumana okusebenzayo ngokuxhumeka kwedivayisi ngenhloso yokugcina yokudlulisa nokwamukela imiyalezo.
Izinto zenethiwekhi
Amanethiwekhi womhlaba wekhompyutha aqukethe izinto eziqukethe amadivayisi wemidiya kanye nezinsizakalo ezinenhloso yokusebenza ngokubambisana nenhloso yokugcina yokukhipha nokuthumela umyalezo.
Uma sikhuluma ngemilayezo, kufaka konke ukuxhumana okufana nalokho ngocingo, ukuthumela imiyalezo, izingcingo zevidiyo nokunye okuningi okukhona ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuxhumana okwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-Intanethi.
Phakathi kwezakhi zenethiwekhi yamakhompiyutha kukhona i-hardware ne-software, kwi-hardware kukhona izindawo zokusebenza, ukufaka amatafula nekhompyutha okukhiqiza ukuxhumana phakathi kwalowo nalowo obonakala ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi, amaseva, amakhadi we-interface, nabanye.
Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi izinto zenethiwekhi ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi nokusebenza kwazo, noma kunjalo, zonke zinezinto ezifanayo ezifana:
Amadivaysi
Amadivayisi yiwo wonke lawo madivayisi noma izinto ezixhunywe kunethiwekhi, phakathi kwazo okushiwo amakhompyutha, izingcingo, amaphrinta, amaseva, ama-routers nanoma yisiphi esinye isitayela sabo, lokhu kungabonwa futhi kufakwe kusigaba se-hardware.
I-athikili engaba nentshisekelo yokwazi ukuthi Ukuvela kwamadivayisi wesitoreji.
Amadivayisi wenethiwekhi aphakathi
Lawa madivayisi yiwona ekugcineni axhumanisa okokusebenza futhi umsebenzi wawo ukuqinisekisa ukunikezwa kwedatha ngenethiwekhi, izinto eziyingxenye yabalamuli abaphethe ukuxhumanisa abaphathi ngamunye kunethiwekhi, futhi banamandla xhuma amanethiwekhi amaningi ngamanye ukuze wakhe ukuxhumana kwamanethiwekhi.
Imilayezo
Imiyalezo yilezo ezilawulwa yimininingwane evela kunethiwekhi ngamakhasi e-web, izingcingo, ama-imeyili, amadokhumenti aphrintiwe, nezinye izinhlobo eziningi, ezidluliselwa ngokusetshenziswa kwedivayisi eyodwa kuya kwenye.
Imidiya
Ukuxhumana ngenethiwekhi kwenziwa ngomshini, ophethe ukuhambisa isiteshi ukuze umyalezo usuke kulowo owuthumele uye endaweni oyifunayo.
Njengamanje, amanethiwekhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuxhuma amadivayisi ukudlulisa idatha, futhi anezindlela ezintathu ezilandelayo:
- I-fiberglass noma ipulasitiki eyaziwa njengekhebula le-fiber optic.
- Imicu yensimbi ngaphakathi kwezintambo.
- Ukudluliswa okungenantambo.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wezinto zenethiwekhi
Izinto zenethiwekhi ngohlobo lwazo nezici zazo zonke zinemisebenzi ehlukene enezici ezibalulekile zokufeza ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye zayo, phakathi kwazo okungukuthi:
- Amadivayisi wokugcina anikezela ngesixhumi esibonakalayo phakathi kwenethiwekhi yomsebenzisi nenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana.
- Amadivayisi wokulamula akhiqiza ukuxhumana kunethiwekhi, kumsingathi, kanye namandla okuxhuma amanethiwekhi amaningi futhi enze lokho okwaziwa njenge-internetwork.
- Imidiya yenethiwekhi, inikeza isiteshi ukuze isiteshi sokuxhumana sibe khona futhi sidlulise imilayezo evela kumsuka ukuze ifinyelele lapho iya khona.
Ukuhlelwa kokuqhafaza kwenethiwekhi
Ukuhlelwa kokuqanjwa kwenethiwekhi okwakhiwe ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Amadivayisi - Okulingene - Inethiwekhi - Imithetho - Imilayezo
Amadivayisi afanelekile kwisici sokuqhafaza senethiwekhi yilawa:
- Iseva.
- Umzila.
- Iphrinta.
- I-PC yedeskithophu.
- Ikhompyutha ephathekayo.
Imidiya: lezi yizona ezaziwa kakhulu njengezintambo zenethiwekhi, ezibizwa nge-LAN nezintambo zomoya ezibizwa nge-Wi-Fi.
Zibanjelwe: Imidiya ye-LAN, imidiya ye-WAN, imidiya engenantambo.
Imithetho: ibhekisa kumaphrothokholi asetshenziselwa ukwenza ukuxhumana kube nokwenzeka, kunemithetho ethile efana nale:
- I-POP, isetshenziselwa imeyili engenayo.
- I-SMTP, esetshenziselwa imeyili ephumayo.
- I-HTTP, ekhonjiswa kuwo wonke amakhasi e-www.
- I-SIP, isetshenziselwa izwi le-IP.
- Iphrothokholi ye-TCP / IP yokudlulisa imiyalezo.
Izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamanethiwekhi, azoncika ekusetshenzisweni okunikezwe abasebenzisi angahlukaniswa njengokwabiwe noma okukhethekile.
Amanethiwekhi azinikezele noma akhethekile yilawo ahlinzeka ngokuphepha, isivinini ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokungabikho kolunye uhlobo lwenethiwekhi, amaphuzu axhunywe ngendlela eyingqayizivele nekhethekile.
Amanethiwekhi ekhomba ekhomba, yilabo abamukela ukuxhuma ulayini ngqo ezikhumulweni zezinsizakusebenza zekhompyutha, okunikeza ithuba lokudlulisa imiyalezo ngokushesha, ngaphezu kokunikeza ukuphepha ngoba abekho abanye abasebenzisi abaxhunyiwe.
https://youtu.be/PFHVpk94h4Q
Amanethiwekhi we-Multipoint, nguyena owamukela ukubekwa kwamatheminali ahlukile kwimishini yakho ukuze wabelane ngomugqa owodwa wokudlulisa; Inika abasebenzisi bayo ithuba lokungabizi, noma kunjalo, ihamba kancane futhi ayinikezi ukuphepha okuningi; Lolu hlobo lwenethiwekhi ludinga ukubekwa kwama-amplifiers esignali nama-diffusers ukuze bakwazi ukwabelana ngemigqa.
Amanethiwekhi abiwe, abhekisele kubasebenzisi abaningi abanamathela kuwo, ukuze babelane ngazo zonke izidingo zokudlulisa, amanethiwekhi awaziwa kakhulu lawo angokushintshaniswa kwamaphakethe nokushintshaniswa kwesifunda.
Amanethiwekhi wokushintshaniswa kwamaphakethe kulapho kunamaqoqo okuhlangana khona namaprosesa alawula ithrafikhi yamaphakethe.
Amanethiwekhi wokushintshana kwamasekhethi yiwo lawo manethiwekhi lapho izikhungo zokushintsha zisebenzisa isekethe yokuxhumana phakathi kweziteshi ezimbili.
Izinsizakalo ezihlanganisiwe zokuxhumana zedijithali zinomsebenzi wokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokushintsha nokudlulisa kwedijithali, ibhekisa kwinethiwekhi eyi-digital ngokuphelele, inamandla okuhlanganisa izinsizakalo eziningi ezinjengedatha, isithombe, izwi nombhalo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi
Ngokuya ngezinsizakalo kanye nalokho abakunikelayo, bahlukaniswa baba:
Amanethiwekhi ezinsizakalo zokudlulisa eziyisisekelo yilawo ahlinzeka ngosizo ngaphandle kokushintsha idatha edluliswayo, njengokwaziwa kakhulu kwezokuxhumana, inethiwekhi yocingo kanye namanethiwekhi ashintshiwe wesifunda.
Amanethiwekhi wezinsizakalo ezengezwe ngenani yilawo, ngaphandle kokwenza ukudluliswa kwedatha, aphatha phezu kwawo, ngandlela thile, njengokuthi: ukudluliswa kwemali kwemali, ukuthumela imiyalezo, kufaka i-database enkulu.
Izinhlobo zokuxhuma
Ukwenza ukuthi inethiwekhi isebenze, amadivayisi akhethekile kufanele angenelele ukuxhumanisa izintambo nezinye izinhlobo zamadivayisi.
Ukuxhuma kwentambo ngokuvamile kuyizintambo zethusi ezisebenza ukukhipha amasiginali kagesi, noma i-fiber optic ekhipha amasiginali ngokukhanya.
Ukuxhumeka kwentambo yilawo akhiqizwa amasiginali womoya nama-microwave.
