Ukuvela kwamakhompiyutha kuvumele intuthuko enkulu ekusebenzeni kwamakhompiyutha, kule ndatshana sizochaza ukuthi ini ikhompyutha yequantum.
Faka imishini ye-quantum
Ikhompyutha yeQuantum
Ukuthuthuka kwetheknoloji kuyabonakala kakhulu ekudalweni kwamakhompiyutha, ngoba bakhetha imisebenzi emisha namakhono, ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele uhlelo, lapho kusetshenziswa khona ama-bits nama-algorithms ngamunye ekudlulisweni kwedatha. Njengamanje, ikhompiyutha ye-quantum ikhiqiziwe, ebinezimpawu ezifana kakhulu namakhompyutha ayisisekelo kepha yehlukile ekufakweni kwedatha.
Idizayini yayo yakhelwe ukuhlangabezana nezimo zemishini ye-quantum, izimboni eziningi zisebenzisa lolu hlobo lwekhompiyutha ye-quantum ukukhulisa ukusebenza kwayo ekwakhiweni kokufakwa kwamakhodi. Ukuphathwa kwayo okuqondile emabhokisini kubangela umthelela omkhulu, kudlula amakhompyutha ayisisekelo kuwo womabili amandla namandla.
Ikhompyutha yequantum inekhono lokusebenzisa amandla kagesi ukukhiqiza ama-quantum bits, abizwa nangokuthi "ama-qubits." Izintambo zamadijithi kanambambili zisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kohlelo nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwekhompyutha, kepha ikhompyutha ye-quantum ingathathwa njengokuhlukile, ngoba basebenzisa okuthiwa ama-qubits.
Ama-Qubits ayizinhlayiya ze-subatomic ezicishe zifane nama-photon futhi nama-electron, asetshenziselwa imishini ye-quantum ukuthola ukusebenza okufanele kukhompyutha ye-quantum. Onjiniyela abaphethe ukwenza lezi zinhlayiya kumele basebenzise amasekethe ahlukahlukene amakhulu kakhulu angashisi kepha abanda.
Lo msebenzi wokukhiqiza nokuphathwa kwama-qubits uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngoba amasekethe kufanele apholiswe abe yi-zero ngokuphelele, le nqubo ibe nzima kakhulu ukuyenza, lo msebenzi uvame ukusetshenziswa yizinkampani ezinkulu ezifana ne-Google kanye ne-IBM, ezithatha le nselelo yokusebenza kwamanethiwekhi nokudluliswa kancane kohlelo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izinkampani zenza inqubo ehlukile yokukhiqiza izinhlayiya ze-subatomic qubit, eziqukethe ukuthwebula ama-athomu ngendlela eyodwa atholakala emikhakheni ye-electromagnetic. Lokhu kusebenza kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-silicon chips, lokhu kungenxa yezakhiwo zayo ze-physicochemical ezenza inqubo yokubamba ama-athomu ngamanye.
Ama-chips e-silicon atholakala ekamelweni elinokuhlanza okukhulu, ukuze kuhlukaniswe ama-qubits esimweni esilawulwa ngokusebenza kohlelo nangenxa yezicelo zekhompyutha. Lapho benza konke lokhu kusebenza, onjiniyela kumele baklame indlela lapho idatha izodluliswa khona futhi izingcezwana ezihambisanayo zizoqondiswa ukwenza ama-algorithms amaningi.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi iprosesa enamandla amaningi okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamakhompiyutha, uyamenywa ukuthi ufunde i-athikili Amaprosesa anamandla amakhulu.
Sebenzisa
Ikhompiyutha ye-quantum inezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza namuhla, phakathi kwazo inomsebenzi wokusungula isimulator ngesistimu yayo yokuziphatha kwendaba ezingeni lamangqamuzana, lokhu kusiza izifundo kanye nokuhlaziywa kokuhamba kwama-athomu esimweni esithile; Isibonelo ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwamabhethri ezimoto ze-elekthronikhi, ngoba lokhu kuveza isimilo esithile.
Ngale ndlela, abakhiqizi bangenza ngcono ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri ezimoto, bandise ukusebenza kwabo nokusebenza. Ngendlela efanayo, amakhompiyutha we-quantum asetshenziswa yizinkampani ezithaka imithi ukwenza ukuhlaziywa nokuqhathanisa kwama-molecule ukudala imishanguzo emisha, ngakho-ke ngokuthuthuka ngakunye kwezobuchwepheshe kunezindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa uhlelo lokulingisa.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa okunikezwa amakhompyutha we-quantum ukunikeza izimpendulo ezinkingeni zokwenza kahle.Lokhu kungenziwa kalula, ngoba lawa makhompyutha anohlelo olunamandla ekwenzeni izibalo ezahlukahlukene ngasikhathi sinye ezihlaziya izixazululo ezintsha ongazinika inkinga ethile, ngale ndlela unethuba lokukhombisa ukuthi yisiphi isisombululo esisebenza kangcono kakhulu.
Imizila izindiza ezingayithatha ekukhuphukeni noma ekwehleni kwayo ingabalwa ukuze ube nokulawula okukhulu kulo msebenzi, ukwandise ukuphepha kunqubo yakho. Futhi unganquma ngemizila efanelekile kunazo zonke izithuthi zomphakathi ezingayithatha ukugwema ukuwa yizimoto emigwaqweni, ukuphatha ukusebenza kahle futhi ngokulahleka okumbalwa.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ngekhompyutha ehlukaniswe njenge- All in eyodwa enikezela ngesakhiwo esithile, kuyanconywa ukuthi ubone mayelana nendatshana ye- Ikhompyutha yonke-in-one.
Ukugqagqana nokuhlangana
Amakhompiyutha we-Quantum asebenzisa ama-qubits ukucacisa amaqembu ehlukene wedatha ukuze amandla ahambisanayo anikezwe okokusebenza, uhlelo luphethe ukucubungula imininingwane ehlobene nezakhiwo ze-binary kanye ne-quantum. Lezi zinqubo zibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlangana nokugqagqana kwamabhithi, okuvumela amakhompyutha we-quantum ukuthi asebenze.
Endabeni yamabhithi, lokhu kungahambisana kuphela nalawo noziro, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-qubits asetshenziswa ngamakhompyutha we-quantum, aletha izifundazwe ezintathu ezihlukene, umbuso wokuqala kungu-zero, owesibili kube "munye" kanti owesithathu state. "ngu-zero noyedwa". Lezi zifundazwe zingenziwa ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba kuncike ekusebenzeni kohlelo kanambambili.
Lapho izifundazwe zenziwa ngasikhathi sinye, le nqubo yaziwa ngokuthi yi-Superposition; Ukumelwa kwalolu hlelo lwe-kanambambili kulezi zimo kudinga ukuphathwa kwama-lasers adinga ukucacisa okuphezulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemisebe ye-microwave, ngenxa yokukhululeka kokuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinsimbi ukuze kusebenze uhlelo.
Ikhompyutha ye-quantum ingenza izibalo eziningi ngasikhathi sinye, yenza lula isikhathi sokulinda ekusebenzeni kanye nemisebenzi ethunyelwa entweni yokusebenza, ibuye igxile emandleni okukhiqiza amabhangqa ama-qubit ukuqala inqubo yokubambeka., Equkethe wezingcezu ezibhajwe kepha zisesimweni esisodwa, okuwukusebenza okwehlukile kokuphikiswa okukodwa ngasikhathi sinye.
Kodwa-ke, ingashintshela esimweni esisha kanambambili, okungukuthi, isuka ku-zero iye koyedwa, ingafinyelela ngisho nasezingeni lesimo sikaziro kanye nalezo. Ama-qubits aguqulwa ngokushesha avumela ukuthuthukiswa kunqubo yohlelo; ukuphatha ukushintsha izifundazwe zabo ngamafuphi nangamabanga amade.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItZj60njqmA
Yize yonke inqubo yokusebenza kokuhlukaniswa kwamabhithi isadida kancane, akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ngasinye sezinyathelo ezenziwayo kuze kutholakale isimo sokugcina sama-qubits. Ikhompiyutha ye-quantum isebenza kokubamba okungaphezulu kanye nokubambeka kwe-qubit ekusebenzeni kwayo, lesi sici sihlukile kumakhompyutha ajwayelekile.
Lapho inani lamabhithi liphindwe kabili kwikhompyutha ye-quantum, umthamo wohlelo lwayo uyanda, ngakho-ke ama-qubits atholakala kumagagasi kagesi ayakhuphuka, avumela amandla amakhulu ekwenzeni idatha nolwazi oluvela kwingosi ethile; Lesi yisizathu esisodwa sokuthi kungani le mishini ingakwazi ukukhiqiza imisebenzi ye-quantum neyisisekelo.
Le misebenzi yenziwa ngochungechunge, ukuze izinqubo zisetshenziswe ngokulandelana futhi uma kunesidingo ngasikhathi sinye, inqobo nje uma umsebenzisi ecela umsebenzi othile. Isebenzisa ama-algorithms we-quantum ukufeza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ye-quantum esetshenzisiwe esheshiswa ngokudluliswa kwedatha, ikhulisa amandla abo ekuthuthukiseni nasekushintsheni kwezindawo zama-qubits.
Idizayini yamakhompyutha we-quantum yakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi ikwazi ukumelana nama-lasers namagagasi kagesi ekusetshenzisweni kwama-qubits. Ingxenye ngayinye yezakhi zayo nokusebenza kwayo kwe-quantum yisizathu sokuthi le mishini inenani eliphakeme emakethe elidlula amadola ayizigidi eziyishumi nanhlanu ukuthola ikhompyutha yalesi sigaba.
Ukungahambelani kwe-Quantum
Ikhompiyutha ye-quantum ibonakala ngemisebenzi yayo ye-quantum, kepha yaziwa nangokuthi iyikhompyutha enamaphutha amaningi lapho kwenziwa izibalo, futhi lokhu kungenxa yokungahlangani kwe-quantum okwenzeka ngesikhathi kwenziwa imisebenzi nama-qubits. Le yinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi lapho kuhlangana khona ukuxhumana kwedatha kanye nezinguquko zezifundazwe ezenzeka ohlelweni lwazo olunambambili, okwenza la maphutha asebenze.
Lapho ukuxhumana nokuxhumana kwama-qubits nemvelo yekhompyutha kwenzeka, amacala angavela lapho ukunyakaza kwabo kwe-quantum kwehla kufinyelela ezingeni lokunyamalala. Lokhu kubola kwaziwa njengokungahlangani kwe-quantum, ngoba kuveza isimo se-quantum sama-qubits abucayi futhi abuthaka, okuthi uma ekhona ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa noma ukushayisana kwedatha kugcine kunyamalale.
Lezi zinguquko nokudlidlizela okufakazelwa yi-qubits kwaziwa njengomsindo, oqukethe izinguquko emvelweni wamabhithi adala ukwehla kwezinga lawo lombuso kanye ne-quantum, le nqubo kuthiwa yehla isuka esimweni sabo sokuphakanyiswa ngaphambi kokuphela komsebenzi iceliwe; Lapho lokhu kwehluleka kwenzeka, amaphutha ahlukile ahanjiswa ohlelweni lokusebenza lwekhompyutha ye-quantum.
Ngenxa yalezi zinkinga, kunconywa ukuthi amakhompyutha we-quantum kufanele ahlale ezindaweni ezingaphazamiseki, okungukuthi, ezindaweni ezingazodwa lapho kungekho zinguquko kumswakama, emazingeni okushisa, phakathi kokunye. Amafriji amakhulu nawo ayadingeka ukugcina imvelo nendawo yamakhompiyutha kushisa okulawulwayo, futhi angatholwa nasemakamelweni okugcoba.
