Ijaji e Los Angeles wenze isitatimende esinesibindi engxoxweni yomhlaba wonke ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ngokumemezela I-Meta ne-YouTube zinesibopho sokubangela umlutha kanye nokulimaza impilo yengqondo yengane encane.Lesi sinqumo, esidinga ukuthi zombili izinkampani zikhokhele ummangali ngezigidi ezintathu zamaRandi, sesivele sibhekwa njengecala elibalulekile empini yezomthetho yokulwa nomklamo wepulatifomu omlutha.
Owesifazane osemusha, ohlonzwe njengo I-Kaley GM noma i-KGMWalandisa ukuthi, kusukela ebuntwaneni, wabanjwa kanjani ekusebenziseni ngokweqile I-YouTube, i-Instagram kanye namanye amanethiwekhi...kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lokuchitha cishe usuku lonke ku-inthanethi. Kubahluleli, inkinga yayingeyona nje isikhathi sokubuka isikrini, kodwa nendlela lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza eziklanyelwe ngayo ukugcina izingane zixhumekile naphezu kwezingozi zengqondo.
Isinqumo esiyingqophamlando esimelene nomklamo wezokuxhumana omlutha
Inqubo yaqala ekupheleni kukaJanuwari ngonyaka ka-2000. INkantolo Ephakeme yaseLos Angeleslapho ummangali, manje oneminyaka engu-20 ubudala, ephikisana ngokuthi Waba umlutha we-Instagram kanye ne-YouTube kusukela esemncane kakhulu.Waqala ngamavidiyo e-YouTube eneminyaka eyisithupha, wavula i-akhawunti ye-Instagram eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye kuphela, kwathi ngemva nje kwalokho, wajoyina i-TikTok ne-Snapchat, eqoqa amahora amaningi okusebenzisa nsuku zonke.
Njengoba kuchaziwe ekulalelweni kwecala, bekunezigaba lapho Wagcina echitha amahora afinyelela kwangu-16 ngosuku exhumene nefoni yakhe ephathekayo.ngezigameko zokukhathazeka okukhulu lapho abazali bakhe bezama ukumkhawulela ukufinyelela kwakhe. Umama waze wachaza "izimpi" zangempela njalo lapho bezama ukuthatha ifoni, okuhlanganisa ukuhlaselwa uvalo kanye nezinga lokuthembela kuye, ngokombono wakhe, okwashintsha "indlela ubuchopho bakhe obusebenza ngayo."
Ngesikhathi secala, kwavezwa okulandelayo imibhalo kanye nobufakazi obukhomba izindlela ezenzelwe ukwandisa isikhathi esichithwa kuhlelo lokusebenza, njengezincomo zokuqukethwe ezingapheli, izaziso eziqhubekayo, kanye nezinhlelo zemivuzo ezivusa izimpendulo ezifana nezokulutheka kwezinye izinto. Ijaji lithole ukuthi kufakazelwe ukuthi lo mklamo awuzange ube ngengozi nokuthi izinkampani, okungenani, zazingenandaba.
Isinqumo sibeka isinxephezelo ku- $3 billion (cishe amabhiliyoni angu-2,6) maqondana nomonakalo wokuziphatha kanye nowezomnotho. Isinqumo sithi I-Meta ithatha u-70% wenaningenkathi I-YouTube kuzodingeka ikhokhele u-30% osele.Inkantolo izoqhubeka nokudingida ukuze kutholakale imiphumela engaba khona. umonakalo owengeziwe wokujezisaokungakhulisa kakhulu umthethosivivinywa wokugcina.
I-Meta, inkampani engumzali we-Facebook, i-Instagram, kanye ne-WhatsApp, iveze ukungavumelani kwayo nesinqumo futhi yamemezela ukuthi bazofunda izinketho zabo zomthethoLe nkampani igcizelela ukuthi imikhiqizo yayo ifaka phakathi izilawuli zabazali kanye namathuluzi okuphatha isikhathi, kuyilapho ukuzivikela kwale ntokazi kugcizelela ukuthi lezi zindlela azanele uma kubhekwa umklamo owakhelwe ukuba umlutha.
Indlela icala likaKaley elaqala ngayo: ukulimala kobuntwana kanye nokwengqondo okuhlobene
Umlando we Kaley Useyisibonakaliso salokho imindeni eminingi ekuchaza njengenkinga esakazekile. Owesifazane osemusha wachaza ukuthi Waqala ukusebenzisa i-inthanethi eneminyaka eyisithupha.ikakhulukazi ngokubuka amavidiyo ku-YouTube. Lapho eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, wayesevele enocingo lwakhe lokuqala kanye nephrofayili ye-Instagram esebenzayo, futhi ngemva nje kwalokho, wafaka i-TikTok (ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyi-Musical.ly) kanye ne-Snapchat.
Eneminyaka eyishumi noma eyishumi nanye nje kuphela ubudala, impilo yakhe yayijikeleza ezikrinini. Ngokusho kwe-akhawunti eyethulwe ejajini, waba nokuthembela okukhulu kudivayisiUma abazali bakhe bezama ukumphuca noma ukunciphisa isikhathi sakhe sokubuka isikrini, wayesabela ngokuhlaselwa uvalo nentukuthelo. Lo mkhuba waba mubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wahambisana nokungena kwakhe ebusheni.
Imibiko yengqondo ethunyelwe enkambisweni yaphetha ngokuthi owesifazane osemusha Wayehlushwa ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, kanye nokuphazamiseka komzimba., okuxhunyaniswe ngokwengxenye nokuvezwa okuqhubekayo kokuqukethwe okuthile, izihlungi zezithombe kanye nengcindezi yomphakathi ebangelwa kulezi zinkundla, kanye ukukhathala ngokomzwelo okuvela emidlalweni yevidiyo yakudalaNgaphezu kwalokho, kwakhulunywa ngobunzima bokunaka nokukhumbula, ochwepheshe abathi bubangelwa ukusetshenziswa okunamandla nokude kangaka.
Umama kaKaley waze wathi indodakazi yakhe “yayingazi ukuthi ingaphila kanjani ngaphandle kocingo lwayo” nokuthi ukuthinta nje ucingo kwakuzodala “impi.” Kumndeni, ukwehluleka kusho ukuqinisekiswa kweminyaka yokuhluphekaFuthi kwabanye abaningi, isibuko lapho bebona khona amaphethini afanayo okuthembela kanye nokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo ezinganeni zabo.
Abameli bommangali bachaze lesi sinqumo njenge- "Isikhathi somlando" sezinkulungwane zezingane nemindeni ukuthintwa ukusetshenziswa okuphoqelekile kwezinkundla zokuxhumana. Ngokombono wabo, lesi sinqumo senkantolo sokuqala sivula ithuba lokuba abanye abantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-10 bafake izicelo zomonakalo ofanayo, hhayi e-United States kuphela kodwa nakwamanye amazwe alandela leli cala eduze.
Umklamo kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo: yiziphi izigxeko ezibhekiswe ku-Meta naku-YouTube?
Ingqikithi yempikiswano yezomthetho igxile ku- umthwalo wemfanelo wamapulatifomu ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo yawoAkukhona nje kuphela ngalokho abasebenzisi abakwenzayo ngezinkundla zokuxhumana, kodwa nokuthi ihlelwe kanjani ukuze ikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside nokunzima ukulawula, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwentsha nezingane.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, kwaxoxwa ngemiqondo efana nale elandelayo: "Izindlela zokulutha" kuhlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokusebenza: ukuskrola okungenamkhawulo kokuqukethwe, ama-algorithms afunda ngokushesha ukuthi yini egcina ukunaka komsebenzisi, izinhlelo zokuthandwa kanye nokuphawula okuqinisa isidingo sokuqinisekiswa komphakathi, kanye nezaziso ezifuna ukwenza umsebenzisi abuye kaninginingi.
Ijaji liphethe ngokuthi I-Meta ne-YouTube zibeke phambili isikhathi sokuxhumana esengeziwe kanye nezinzuzo zomnotho. mayelana nokuphepha kanye nenhlalakahle yezingane. Lesi siphetho sasiyisihluthulelo sokubahlukanisa njengabantu "abanganaki" nokunquma ukuthi kwakukhona ubudlelwano obuqondile phakathi kwendlela yabo yokusebenza kanye nokulimala okutholwe ngummangali.
Nakuba izinkampani zithi abazali banamathuluzi okulawula ukusetshenziswa kwezingane zabo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, abameli bakaKaley baphikisana ngokuthi Lezi zinyathelo ziphuzile futhi azanele ezindaweni ezenzelwe ukuba umsebenzisi ojwayelekile angazithinti, ikakhulukazi uma kuyinto encane ethuthukiswa ngokugcwele.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwaphawulwa ukuthi izinkampani Babezoba nolwazi lwangaphakathi mayelana nomthelela wemikhiqizo yabo empilweni yengqondo yentshangaphandle kokuhumusha lolo lwazi lube izinguquko ezijulile zomklamo. Lokhu kungenzi lutho okungenzeka, naphezu kokuqaphela izingozi, kungenye yezinto inkantolo ezozicabangela lapho inquma umonakalo wokujeziswa.
Ezinye iziqhwaga ezigqamile: Amadili e-TikTok ne-Snapchat
Icala lokuqala elifakwe yile ntokazi alizange liqondise iMeta ne-YouTube kuphela. Lalihlanganisa futhi I-TikTok ne-Snapchatamapulatifomu, nokho, akwazile ukufinyelela kuwo izivumelwano eziyimfihlo ngaphambi kwecala, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe ukuhlala edokodweni kuleli cala lokuqala elikhulu.
Lezi zivumelwano ezingaphandle kwenkantolo azizange zinciphise ukunaka komphakathi noma ingcindezi yokulawula. Eqinisweni, zihunyushwa njengophawu lokuthi Umkhakha wezobuchwepheshe uyaqaphela ingozi ekhulayo yezomthetho. mayelana nomthelela wemikhiqizo yabo ezinganeni ezincane. Imibandela ethile yalezi zivumelwano ayikaze ivezwe emphakathini, kodwa ukuba khona kwazo kuqinisa umbono wokuthi amapulatifomu akhetha ukugwema isibonelo esicacile sezomthetho ngokumelene nawo.
Indaba yaseLos Angeles imane nje iyingcosana yenkinga enkulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi Kunamacala afanayo angaba ngu-1.500. ngokumelene namanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene omphakathi e-United States, amaningi awo aqhutshwa yimindeni, izinhlangano zabazali kanye nezifunda zesikole ezigxeka ukulimala kwengqondo, ubunzima bokufunda noma izingxabano zomndeni ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.
Lesi sinyathelo sokwahlulela sibonisa ukuqwashisa okukhulayo kwezenhlalo ngempilo yengqondo yezingane kanye nendima edlalwa amapulatifomu edijithali. Nakuba le nqubo iqhubeka kakhulu ezinkantolo zase-US, imiphumela yalezi zinqumo isiqala ukuzwakala naseYurophu, lapho imithethonqubo yedatha kanye nokuvikelwa kwezingane ezikhungweni ze-inthanethi iqinisiwe.
Icala elifanayo leNew Mexico: I-Meta nokuphepha kwengane
Ngesikhathi ijaji laseCalifornia lixoxa ngokulutha kwezokuxhumana, esifundazweni sase ENuevo México Elinye icala elibalulekile ngokumelene neMeta laliqhubeka, kugxilwe kakhulu kulo: hhayi umlutha omkhulu kangako, kodwa ukuvikelwa ekuxhashazweni ngokocansi kwezingane ezinkundleni zabo.
Kulelo cala, umshushisi wombuso wafaka isicelo ukusebenza okuyimfihlo Uphenyo lwaluhilela ukudala amaphrofayili ku-Instagram naku-Facebook athi angamanga ukuthi angawabantwana abancane. Lawa ma-akhawunti asheshe athola imiyalezo nokuqukethwe okuphathelene nocansi okuvela kubantu abadala, okwathi, ngokusho kwabashushisi, kwabonisa amaphutha amakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuvikela nokulawula zenkampani.
Ijaji lithole ukuthi kufakazelwe ukuthi I-Meta yayinolwazi lwangaphakathi mayelana nalezi zingozi kanye nokuphathelene nokushiyeka kwamapulatifomu ayo ekubhekaneni nawo, kodwa ayizange isebenzise izinyathelo ezanele noma yazise abasebenzisi ngokusobala. Isinqumo sasimangalisa: inkampani babebeke phambili ukukhula kanye nenzuzo ukuphepha kwezingane.
Ngenxa yalokho, iMeta yayalelwa ukuba ikhokhe Ama-dollar ayi-375 maqondana nomonakalo, inani eliphakeme kakhulu kunalelo elibekwe endabeni kaKaley, kodwa eliphendula iphethini efanayo: umqondo wokuthi izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe kumele zithathe izindleko ezinkulu zomnotho lapho imodeli yazo yebhizinisi ibeka engcupheni ukuvikelwa kwabasebenzisi abasengozini enkulu.
Lesi sinqumo, nakuba singamenyezelwanga kangako kunesaseLos Angeles, siwela ngaphansi kohlaka olufanayo. Igagasi lamacala aphikisana kakhulu nemikhuba yemboni yezobuchwephesheNgokubambisana, womabili amacala aqinisa umbono wokuthi izinkantolo zase-US azizimisele kangako ukwamukela ukuzilawula njengokuphela kwempendulo futhi zithambekele ekungeneleleni lapho zibona ukungalingani okucacile phakathi kwezinzuzo zebhizinisi nezingozi zomphakathi.
Umthelela wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemiphumela engaba khona eYurophu naseSpain
Nakuba izigwebo zakhishwa e-United States, umthelela wazo udlulela ngale kwemingcele yayo. Kwabaningi ababukele ku- EYurophu naseSpainLezi zinqumo ziyisibonelo sezingxoxo zomthetho ezingase ziqine eminyakeni ezayo mayelana ukusetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana ngabantu abancane.
I-European Union isivele ivumile imithetho efana nale I-Digital Services Regulation (DSA) futhi i Umthetho Wezimakethe Zedijithali (DMA)Le mithetho ibeka izibopho ezengeziwe kumapulatifomu amakhulu maqondana nokucaca kwe-algorithm, ukulinganisela okuqukethwe, kanye nokuvikelwa kwezingane. Kodwa-ke, izinqumo zenkantolo ezifana nalezo zaseCalifornia naseNew Mexico zinganikeza izimpikiswano kulabo abafuna izinyathelo ezengeziwe, njengemikhawulo eyengeziwe ezinhlotsheni ezithile zomklamo wokulutha noma isidingo sokuhlolwa komthelela othile empilweni yengqondo.
ESpain, lapho kuqhubeka khona ingxoxo mayelana ukuvezwa kwasekuqaleni kwezingane kanye nentsha ezikrinini Kuvamile kakhulu ezikoleni, emindenini, nasezikhungweni zempilo yengqondo; amacala afana nekaKaley asebenza njengereferensi yokubonisa izingozi ezingaba khona. Akumangazi ukuthi izinhlangano zabazali kanye nochwepheshe bezengqondo balandela eduze lezi zinqubo, bezibuza ukuthi amacala afanayo angaphindeka yini eYurophu.
Njengamanje, izinhlaka zomthetho kanye nezindlela zenqubo azifani e-EU nase-United States, kodwa ukuthambekela kukhomba ku ukungenelela okukhulu komphakathi ohlelweni lwedijithaliIzinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa iMeta kanye neGoogle (inkampani engumzali we-YouTube), zibhekene nesimo lapho kuzodingeka zivumelane nezimfuneko eziqinile uma zifuna ukugwema izijeziso kanye nokuqulwa kwamacala okufinyelela kude.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, la macala avuselela ingxoxo mayelana ukulinganisela phakathi kwenkululeko yebhizinisi, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuvikelwa kwezinganeNakuba abanye bethi kubazali ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwezingane zabo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, abanye bathi wonke umthwalo wemfanelo awunakubekwa emindenini uma umkhiqizo wenzelwe ukudala ukuthembela kwabanye.
Okwenzekile ezinkantolo zase-US kuphawula uguquko endleleni okubhekwa ngayo izinkundla zokuxhumana: kusukela kumathuluzi angathathi hlangothi kuya imikhiqizo enezakhiwo ezingaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yengqondoikakhulukazi ebancane. Njengoba igagasi lamacala liqhubeka, imizamo yomthetho kanye nezinguquko ngaphakathi kwamapulatifomu ngokwawo cishe zizokwanda ngomzamo wokunciphisa umthelela.
Isamba salezi zinqumo zenkantolo, uphenyo, kanye nengcindezi yomphakathi kushiya iMeta, i-YouTube, kanye nabanye abadlali abakhulu bedijithali bebhekene nenselele engenakugwenywa: ukubukeza ngokucophelela ukuthi bazakha kanjani izinsizakalo zabo, ukuthi banikeza isisindo esingakanani ekuphepheni kwezingane uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sesikrini, nokuthi yimiphi imingcele abazimisele ukuyamukela ukuze balondoloze inhlalakahle yabasebenzisi abasebasha, esimweni lapho umlutha wedijithali kanye nomonakalo ongokomzwelo kungasabhekwa njengomphumela ongemuhle, kodwa kuyinkinga ebalulekile edinga izimpendulo eziqinile.
