Sekuyiminyaka abasebenzisi be-Linux bebhekene nesithiyo esingenangqondo: Ihadiwe ye-GPU ye-AMD yayisivele ilungele i-HDMI 2.1, kodwa uhlelo lwalusanamathele ku-HDMI 2.0. ngenxa yezizathu zamalayisense kanye nezizathu zokuphatha. Lo mkhawulo wawubonakala kakhulu lapho kuxhuma ama-PC noma amadivayisi afana ne-Steam Machine kumathelevishini esimanje e-4K, lapho indinganiso yangaphambilini yayingaphumeleli khona ku-bandwidth kanye nezinketho.
Leso simo sesiqala ukushintsha kancane kancane. I-AMD ithumele iqoqo lama-patches ku-kernel ye-Linux yedrayivu ye-AMDGPU eyethula ukwesekwa kwe-HDMI FRL (Fixed Rate Link)Ingxenye ebalulekile evumela isivinini sokudlulisa esiphezulu ku-HDMI 2.1. Akukabi isithombe esiphelele sendinganiso, kodwa imelela impumelelo yokuqala yangempela ye-Linux ukushiya eminye yemithwalo yezobuchwepheshe eyayiyithwele egumbini lokuphumula uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Windows.
Ibhulokhi ye-HDMI Forum yomlando ku-HDMI 2.1 ku-Linux
Ukuze siqonde ukubaluleka kwale nhlangano, kumele sibheke emuva: I-HDMI Forum, indikimba elawula indinganiso kanye namalayisense ayo, yenqabe isicelo se-AMD ngo-2024 sokusebenzisa i-HDMI 2.1 kubashayeli be-open-source.Impikiswano yayiwukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuvulekile kuzokwembula imininingwane yobuchwepheshe eyimfihlo iforamu eyayingafuni ukuyibona ishicilelwa, okuyisimo esinzima sokuvumelana nomhlaba wesofthiwe yamahhala.
Lokho kuvinjelwa kwaba nomphumela oqondile kakhulu: Noma iyiphi ikhompyutha ene-AMD GPU esebenzisa i-Linux yayinomkhawulo cishe ku-HDMI 2.0Ngisho noma i-chip yehluzo isekela ngokwanele amakhono e-HDMI 2.1. Lokhu kusho ukuyeka, nge-HDMI, ukucushwa okufana ne-4K ku-120 Hz noma i-8K ku-60 Hz ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinqamuleli noma ukucindezela okunamandla, into ecasulayo kakhulu kulabo abasebenzisa amathelevishini asezingeni eliphakathi naphezulu eYurophu.
Ukuvinjelwa kwabonakala nasemikhiqizweni yezentengiselwano. Umshini Wokushisa weValve, osekelwe ku-SteamOS (Linux)Kumenyezelwe ngokusemthethweni ukuthi kuyahambisana ne-HDMI 2.0 Naphezu kokuba nehadiwe ekwazi ukwenza okuningi, imibhalo kanye nezinto zobuchwepheshe zagcina ilebula elilondolozayo, okwabeka idivayisi esimweni esibi uma kuqhathaniswa nama-PC noma ama-console e-Windows ancintisana nawo uma kuziwa ekusebenziseni amathelevishini e-HDMI 2.1 emakamelweni okuhlala aseYurophu.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umphakathi wabathuthukisi be-Linux, kanye nonjiniyela be-AMD, bazama ukuhlanganisa le nkinga ngenkathi behlonipha ikhodi yomthombo ovulekile kanye nezidingo zobumfihlo ze-HDMI Forum. Kube nokusetshenziswa kokuhlola kanye nokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi okwabonisa ukuthi ukwesekwa kwakungenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe.Kodwa isithiyo esisemthethweni nesamalayisense saqhubeka nokuba yisithiyo esikhulu.
I-AMD yethula i-HDMI FRL ku-AMDGPU: isisekelo sangempela se-HDMI 2.1
Ushintsho luza nochungechunge olusha lwama-patches i-AMD ewathumele ku-kernel. Ingqikithi yalezi zinguquko ukwengeza i-HDMI FRL (Fixed Rate Link) kusilawuli se-AMDGPUokuyi-open-source reference driver yamakhadi ehluzo e-Radeon yesimanje ku-Linux. I-FRL ungqimba lokuthutha oluthatha indawo yesixhumanisi se-TMDS esizuzwe njengefa ku-HDMI 2.0 futhi lunesibopho sokuvumela ukwanda okukhulu kwe-bandwidth yezinga le-2.1.
Ngokusho konjiniyela bezithombe be-AMD ababandakanyeka ekuthuthukisweni, Ukusetshenziswa kwe-FRL sekuvele kudlule ingxenye emele ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana kwe-HDMI ForumUkuqinisekiswa okugcwele kusaqhubeka, kodwa inkampani iyaqiniseka ukuthi ngeke kube khona okumangazayo ngomzuzu wokugcina, njengoba ikhodi efanayo ihlolwa ngendlela efanayo kwezinye izindawo kanye namapulatifomu.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Leli gagasi lokuqala lama-patches alikafaki izici ezifana ne-DSC (Display Stream Compression) noma i-VRR (Variable Refresh Rate)Lezi yizici ezibalulekile ze-HDMI 2.1 ecosystem zokucindezela isignali nokuvumelanisa izinga lokuvuselela nomdlalo. I-AMD ikhombisa ukuthi lezi zingxenye ziyahlolwa okwamanje futhi zizofika ngamaqoqo azayo, indlela evamile yokuqalisa izinguquko ezibalulekile ze-kernel.
Noma kunjalo, ukugxuma akubalulekile. Uma i-FRL ivuliwe, isixhumanisi se-HDMI singakhula sibe ama-bandwidth avumela i-4K ku-120 Hz noma ngaphezulu ngezilungiselelo zombala ogcwele.Lokhu kuyinto, kuze kube manje ku-Linux, evame ukudinga ukusebenzisa i-DisplayPort, ukufaka i-Windows, noma ukwamukela ukusika kwekhwalithi, njengokufaka isampula ye-chroma engu-4:2:2 noma engu-4:2:0 ukuze kugwenywe ukugcwala kwesiteshi.
Ngokwesimo saseYurophu, lapho amathelevishini e-4K ane-HDMI 2.1 ethandwa khona eminyakeni yamuva nje, Lesi sibuyekezo sivula ithuba lokusebenzisa kangcono lawo maphaneli avela kwi-Linux PC noma emshinini wegumbi lokuphumula osekelwe ku-AMD.Kuze kube manje, abasebenzisi abaningi baphoqelekile ukuyeka inhlanganisela yesisombululo esiphezulu, izinga lokuvuselela eliphezulu, kanye ne-HDR uma befuna ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-Linux ngaphandle kwezinkinga zobuhlungu.
Ukucindezela okuthule kweValve kanye nendima yeSteamOS
Okushintshile kusukela ngo-2024 akukabhalwa phansi ngokugcwele, kodwa imithombo iyavumelana ngephuzu elilodwa: Kubikwa ukuthi i-Valve ibeka ingcindezi engacacile kokubili ku-AMD kanye ne-HDMI Forum ukuxazulula lesi simo. I-SteamOS ithembele kakhulu kuma-Radeon GPU, futhi izinhlelo zayo zegumbi lokuphumula zihilela ukunikeza ulwazi olufana ne-console kumathelevishini asevele ehlonyiselwe i-HDMI 2.1.
I-Valve ibilokhu ilungisa izinhlelo zayo ze- I-Steam Machine, idivayisi eyenzelwe ngqo ukufakwa ngaphansi kwethelevishini. Ukumemezela idivayisi yegumbi lokuphumula ehlala ngokusemthethweni ku-HDMI 2.0, enemikhawulo ku-4K naku-120 Hz, kwakuyiphuzu elibuthakathaka esiphakamisweni sayo uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-consoles noma ama-PC amancane ane-Windows.Le nkampani idinga i-SteamOS, kanye ne-Linux, ukuze iyeke ukusala ngemuva ngokwemiphumela yevidiyo.
Ngendlela efanayo, I-Valve ngokwayo ibilokhu yethula ukulungiswa ku-SteamOS kanye ne-Linux graphics stack, njengokulungiswa kokuphathwa kwe-VRAM kanye nezinye iziqeshana ezihlobene ne-AMDGPU.Lokhu kucatshangelwa ngokwengxenye ngamadivayisi amanje nawesikhathi esizayo (i-Steam Deck, ukubuyekezwa okungenzeka, kanye nezinhlelo zegumbi lokuphumula). Ukuhlomisa i-ecosystem nge-port ye-HDMI 2.1 esebenzayo kuhambisana kahle naleli cebo lokuhlanganisa i-Linux njengeplatifomu yokudlala esebenzayo egumbini lokuphumula laseYurophu.
Imibiko eminingana evela ezikhungweni zezindaba ezikhethekile ikhombisa ukuthi Izingxoxo ne-HDMI Forum bezinde, ziyimfihlo, futhi zisekelwa umsebenzi womphakathi.eyethula ukusetshenziswa kokuhlola okubonisa ukuthi imininingwane ingahlangatshezwa ngaphandle kokudela izimiso zesofthiwe ezivulekile. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwengcindezi yezentengiselwano kanye nobufakazi bobuchwepheshe kusize ekunciphiseni ukuma kokuqala kweforamu.
Umphumela osebenzayo uwukuthi, Okokuqala ngqa, i-kernel ye-Linux iqala ukuhambisana ne-Windows maqondana nokuhambisana kwe-HDMI 2.1 kuhadiwe ye-AMD.Akusikho konke okuqediwe, kodwa isithiyo esiyinhloko, esasiyingqimba yezokuthutha kanye ne-veto esemthethweni, sesiqala ukuvela.
Umthelela kubadlali be-Linux kanye noMshini we-Steam
Iqembu lokuqala elizobona ushintsho kuzoba yileli elijwayelekile: Abasebenzisi bamakhadi ehluzo e-Radeon ku-Linux baxhunywe kuma-TV nama-monitor anamuhla nge-HDMIKuze kube manje, noma ngabe babene-GPU yakamuva kanye ne-TV engu-4K ene-HDMI 2.1, babexhunywe kwisivinini se-HDMI 2.0, ngokulungiswa okunokulinganisela okwengeziwe, futhi kwezinye izimo, imikhawulo yokuphazima noma yemodi lapho kuphoqelelwa ukuhlanganiswa okuthile.
Ngokufika kwe-FRL kumshayeli we-AMDGPU, Laba basebenzisi bazokwazi ukufinyelela izixazululo kanye namazinga okuvuselela kusuka ku-Linux okwakungenzeka ngaphambilini nge-DisplayPort noma ngokufaka i-WindowsKulabo abakhe i-PC yokudlala egumbini lokuphumula, lokhu kususa esinye sezizathu ezivamile zokugcina i-dual boot noma ukuyeka i-penguin ku-TV yegumbi lokudlela.
Esimweni esithile somshini we-Steam, umthelela uhamba isinyathelo esisodwa phambili. Idivayisi yeValve izokwazi ukubuyekeza imininingwane yayo ukuze ibonise ukuhambisana kwangempela kwe-HDMI 2.1 ngaphansi kwe-SteamOSLokhu kuyibeka endaweni engcono uma iqhathaniswa nezimbangi ezifana nama-consoles esizukulwane esilandelayo noma ama-PC amancane e-Windows ngentengo efanayo. Umyalezo wokumaketha ulula: yixhume, uyivule, futhi i-TV ingazuza kakhulu emandleni ehadiwe.
Futhi, I-Valve isivele imemezele ukuthi imidlalo eqinisekisiwe ye Umpheme wesitimu Zizotholakala futhi ku-Steam Machinengenqubo engakhawuleli kakhulu egxile kokuthi "isebenza nje." Lokhu kusho ukuthi ikhathalogi elungele ukusebenza kahle ku-Linux isivele ikhona, futhi manje inkinga ishintshela kancane ohlelweni lokusebenza kodwa ishintshela kakhulu ekhwalithini yokuxhumeka kanye nethelevishini uqobo.
EYurophu naseSpain, lapho ukwamukelwa kwamathelevishini e-4K anezindlela zokudlala ze-120Hz kuye kwashesha khona, Ukukwazi ukuhlanganisa i-Steam Machine noma i-PC ne-Radeon ne-Linux ne-HDMI 2.1 ngaphandle kwezindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga eziphakathi kuyakhanga kakhuluAbasebenzisi abaningi asebevele benayo ikhonsoli futhi abafuna ukunikezela imbobo ye-HDMI kwikhompyutha ye-Linux bazobona omunye wemikhawulo okukhulunywa ngayo kakhulu unyamalala.
Yini engekho ukukhuluma nge-HDMI 2.1 ephelele ku-Linux?
Naphezu kwentuthuko, kubalulekile ukungacabangi kakhulu ngomthelela osheshayo wama-patches. Esinakho njengamanje isisekelo sezokuthutha se-FRL esihlanganiswe ne-AMDGPU futhi sisenqubweni yokuqinisekiswa okugcwele.Kuyisisekelo, yebo, kodwa akukahlanganisi uhla oluphelele lwezici abakhiqizi abavame ukuzihlanganisa ne-HDMI 2.1 ekukhangiseni kwabo.
I-AMD ikucacisile ukuthi Izici ezifana ne-Display Stream Compression (DSC) kanye ne-Variable Refresh Rate (VRR) zisahlolwa futhi zizofika ngokuthunyelwa kamuva.Ngaphandle kwe-DSC, inhlanganisela ethile yesisombululo esibi kakhulu, izinga lokuvuselela, kanye nokujula kombala kungase kudinge ukuyekethisa. Ngaphandle kwe-VRR, ulwazi lokudlala kuma-TV ahambisanayo ngeke lube bushelelezi njengakumapulatifomu asevele esebenzisa lesi sici.
Ngokwenzayo, Lokhu kusho ukuthi umthelela wokuqala uzobonakala kakhulu ezimweni ze-4K 120Hz ezinezilungiselelo zesithombe ezifanele.ngaphandle kokucindezela imikhawulo kuze kube seqophelweni lokwenza ukucindezelwa kube yinto ebalulekile. Abasebenzisi abacindezela wonke amapharamitha okukhiphayo kuze kube semkhawulweni bazoqhubeka nokulinda amaqoqo alandelayo ama-patches.
Izikhathi zokuhlanganisa nazo kumele zicatshangelwe. Izinguquko kumele zenziwe esihlahleni se-kernel se-Linux esiyinhloko bese zifinyelela ekusatshalalisweni.Le nqubo ingathatha amasonto noma izinyanga kuye ngohlelo lokukhishwa kwephrojekthi ngayinye. Ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu kwedeskithophu nemidlalo yaseYurophu kuvame ukufaka izinguqulo ezintsha ze-kernel ngokushesha, kodwa akuzona zonke ezenza kanjalo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Noma kunjalo, iqiniso lokuthi Iqiniso lokuthi ukusetshenziswa sekuphumelele ezinye zezivivinyo zokuhambisana ne-HDMI Forum linciphisa ingozi yokuphazamiseka ngomzuzu wokugcina.Cishe, sizobona ukwesekwa kwe-FRL kufika ezinguqulweni ze-kernel ezizinzile ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esifanele, kulandelwe ukuphindaphinda okuzoqedela iphazili yendinganiso.
Uma sibheka esikhathini esiphakathi, Uma i-AMD ikwazi ukuvala i-loop nge-DSC, i-VRR, kanye nezinye izici ongazikhetha, ama-Radeon GPU anamuhla ku-Linux azokwazi ukunikeza ukwesekwa kwe-HDMI 2.1 okufana kakhulu nokwe-Windows.Kubadlali begeyimu abakhethe isofthiwe yamahhala, lokhu kuzosho ukuthi akudingeki bakhethe phakathi kokusebenzisa i-TV yabo ngokugcwele noma ukugcina uhlelo lwabo lokusebenza abaluthandayo.
Uma kuhlanganiswa, zonke lezi zindawo zokunyakaza I-Linux, i-AMD, ne-SteamOS zisesimweni sokuncintisana kakhulu enkundleni yemidlalo yasekhaya.Kusenezingcezu ezizohlanganiswa ndawonye, ​​kodwa udonga oluphakeme kakhulu, oluvimbele ngisho nokusebenzisa imodi yesivinini esiphezulu yeleveli, seluqala ukudilika, futhi lokho kuzohumushela ezinkethweni zangempela kulabo abaxhuma i-PC yabo noma i-Steam Machine ku-TV yegumbi lokuphumula.