La ibhange eliku-inthanethi kanye ne-fintech Bashintshe unomphela indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nemali. Okwakusho ukuya egatsheni, ukuthatha inombolo, nokulinda ithuba lakho, manje sekungenziwa kusuka kufoni yakho ephathekayo ngemizuzwana embalwa. Ama-akhawunti, amakhadi, imali mboleko, ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nomshuwalense konke kungavulwa ngaphandle kokubeka unyawo egatsheni, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye namamodeli ebhizinisi alula kakhulu kunalawo asebhange lendabuko.
Lolu hlelo olusha lwe-ecosystem luhlanganisa Amabhange amakhulu, azinzile kanye nama-neobanks kanye nezinkampani ze-fintech Izinketho ezikhethekile zisukela kubadlali bedijithali abayi-100% njengeRevolut, N26, kanye neMonzo, kuya kokunikezwayo okuhlanganisiwe njenge-imagin, i-Openbank, kanye nokufika okuzayo kwe-Aion Bank eSpain. Konke lokhu kuhambisana nezinhlobo ezintsha zemali ye-elekthronikhi, amakhadi anezimali eziguquguqukayo, kanye namadiphozithi aku-inthanethi anenzuzo ephezulu, ngalinye linemithetho yalo ethile kanye nombhalo omncane.
Iyini i-fintech esetshenziswa ebhange eliku-inthanethi futhi kungani ishintsha yonke into?
Uma sikhuluma ngakho i-fintech ebhange eliku-inthanethi Sibhekisela ezinkampanini zezimali—noma izigaba zedijithali zamabhange avamile—ezisekela cishe yonke insizakalo yazo eziteshini zedijithali: izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, amawebhusayithi, ama-API, kanye nezinqubo ezenzakalelayo. Umgomo wazo ukunikeza imikhiqizo yezezimali yakudala (ama-akhawunti, amakhadi, imali mboleko, umshwalense, ukutshalwa kwezimali, njll.) ngendlela esheshayo, esobala, futhi eshibhile.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje lo mkhakha ubhekane nobunzima obungokoqobo ukukhula kwamabhange edijithali eYurophuAmaNeobank avele e-UK, eJalimane, eBelgium, eSpain naseLithuania, amaningi enamalayisense aphelele asebhange kanti amanye asebenza njengezikhungo zemali ze-elekthronikhi. Lawa mamodeli anciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi ezibhekene nehhovisi kanye namakhasimende, futhi lokhu kusebenza kahle kuholela ezimalini eziphansi, amazinga enzalo angcono, kanye nezici ezithuthukisiwe ezinhlelweni zawo zokusebenza.
Ukubhanga ku-inthanethi akugcini nje ngokuncintisana namabhange avamile, kodwa futhi kuyawaphoqa ukuthi sheshisa uguquko lwakho lwedijithaliIzinhlangano ezifana neCaixaBank, iSantander noma i-Abanca zethule izinhlobo ezithile zemikhiqizo - imagin, i-Openbank, i-B100- ezenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okucishe kube okukhethekile kusuka kuselula, ngezinqubo zokubhalisa eziku-inthanethi eziyi-100% futhi azikho izincwadi ezibonakalayo.
Ngokombono womsebenzisi, inzuzo enkulu ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwemodeli yedijithali: ukuvulwa kwe-akhawunti ngemizuzu embalwa ngokuqinisekiswa kobunikazi obukude, ukulandelela izindleko kanye nokonga ngesikhathi sangempela, izaziso ezisheshayo, ukuhlukaniswa okuzenzakalelayo kokuthengiselana, kanye nokufinyelela okuhlangene kwezinsizakalo zezezimali nezingezona ezezimali ngaphakathi kwendawo efanayo.
Izici ezibalulekile zokukhetha ibhange ledijithali noma i-fintech
Lapho ukhetha eyodwa i-fintech yasebhange eku-inthanethiKuhle ukubheka ngale kokukhanga okusheshayo (isipho sokwamukela noma i-APR ekhangayo) nokugxila ezinsikeni ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuphepha nemithethonqubo, izimali kanye namazinga enzalo, ukusetshenziswa okulula, imikhiqizo enikezwayo, kanye nedumela lilonke lesikhungo.
Iphuzu lokuqala elingaxoxiswana ngalo yileli ukuphepha nokuqapha imithethoKunomehluko obalulekile phakathi kwebhange elinelayisensi ephelele, isikhungo sokukhokha, kanye nesikhungo semali kagesi, futhi lokhu kuthinta ukuvikelwa kwezimali kanye nezinhlobo zezinsizakalo ezingazinikeza. Kuhlale kunconywa ukuhlola ukuthi zigunyaziwe kuliphi izwe, iyiphi inhlangano eziqondisayo (iBhange laseSpain, iBhange Elikhulu laseYurophu, abalawuli kwamanye amazwe e-EU), nokuthi zinazo yini izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa ubuwena eziqinile kanye nokufinyelela okuphephile.
Okwesibili, sidinga ukubhekisisa kakhulu amazinga, izimali kanye ne-APR/AER Ngomkhiqizo ngamunye: ama-akhawunti, amakhadi, ukudluliselwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuhoxiswa kwe-ATM, ukuxhaswa ngezimali kokuthenga, noma amadiphozithi anenzalo. Ukubhanga ku-inthanethi kuvame ukuba nezindleko eziphansi, kodwa imibandela (idiphozithi eqondile yomholo, imali engenayo encane, noma izikhathi zokugcina ibhalansi) ivame ukusetshenziswa ukuze kufinyelelwe imigomo engcono kakhulu.
Esinye isici esibalulekile yi- ukusebenza kahle kwesevisi yedijithali: ikhwalithi yohlelo lokusebenza, ukulula kokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, ukwesekwa kwamakhasimende ngengxoxo noma ngocingo, ukutholakala kwamakhadi angokoqobo nawangempela, ukuhambisana nama-wallets afana ne-Apple Pay noma i-Google Pay, futhi uma kuziwa ezinkampanini, ukuthi ziyabavumela yini abasebenzisi abaningana abagunyaziwe kwi-akhawunti efanayo kanye nezimvume zokuphatha.
Okokugcina, kusiza kakhulu ukubuyekeza idumela kanye nezinga lokwaneliseka kwamakhasimendeImibono ngamaforamu, izilinganiso ezitolo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nokuba khona kwemakethe yenhlangano kunikeza izinkomba mayelana nokuzinza kwayo. Endabeni yamabhange anelayisensi, kubalulekile futhi ukuthi abe nohlelo lwesiqinisekiso sediphozithi (isibonelo, kufika ku-€100.000 ngomnikazi we-akhawunti kanye nesikhungo emazweni amaningi aseYurophu).
imagin: uhlelo oluxubile lwezinsizakalo zezezimali nezingezona ezemali
imagin ingenye yezindlela zokubheja zedijithali I-CaixaBank emkhakheni we-fintechKodwa ngokugxila okukhethekile: akugcini nje ebhange, kodwa kuhlanganisa izinsizakalo zezezimali nezinye ezihlobene nokuzilibazisa, ubuchwepheshe, noma indlela yokuphila. Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele ukuthi yini, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ukuthi ubani obangela uhlobo ngalunye lwenkonzo nokuthi uhlobo lomkhiqizo luhlelwe kanjani ngokusemthethweni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, cabanga ngezinsizakalo ezingezona ezezimali (isibonelo, okuqukethwe, izaphulelo, okuhlangenwe nakho noma okunikezwayo okuvela kubantu besithathu) kunikezwa ngaphansi komkhiqizo we-imagin, ongowe-imaginersGen, SA. Le nkampani iphatha le ndawo "yendlela yokuphila" futhi isebenza njengesambulela somphakathi kanye nohlelo lokusebenza.
Esikhundleni salokho, i izinsizakalo zezimali ezifanele (ama-akhawunti, amakhadi, njll.) athengiswa ngaphansi kophawu lwe-imaginBank, oluwuphawu lwe-CaixaBank. Kulesi simo, i-imaginersGen, SA isebenza njenge-ejenti, okusho ukuthi iphakathi ekunikezeni le mikhiqizo egameni le-CaixaBank, kodwa isikhungo sezezimali esiyisisekelo yibhange lendabuko.
Ngaphakathi kwaleso sakhiwo, umkhiqizo ngamunye unesibopho sawo. amakhadi axhunywe emcabangweni La makhadi akhishwa yiCaixaBank Payments & Consumer, EFC, EP, SAU (CPC), isikhungo sokukhokha esihlanganisiwe esinehhovisi elibhalisiwe e-Avenida de Manoteras nº 20, Edificio París (28050 Madrid). Endabeni yamakhadi esikweletu, ukukhishwa kwawo kuncike ekuvunyelweni kwangaphambili yi-CPC, njengakunoma yikuphi ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwabathengi.
Izimali zamakhasimende abasebenzisi bezinsizakalo ezikhokhelwayo Ngala makhadi, imali yakho ivikelwe ngokufakwa kwi-akhawunti ehlukile eCaixaBank, SA, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwezimali zakho. Izimali ezidingekayo zingabukwa ngokuningiliziwe kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yebhange, lapho kutholakala khona ulwazi mayelana namakhomishini nemigomo nemibandela.
Ngokuqondene ne Cabanga ngama-akhawuntiInhlangano ebasekelayo yiCaixaBank, SA, ene-NIF A08663619 futhi ebhaliswe neBhange laseSpain ngaphansi kwenombolo 2100. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imali ekuma-akhawunti imbozwe uhlelo lwesiqinisekiso olujwayelekile lwebhange laseSpain elisezingeni eliphezulu, isici esibalulekile kulabo abafinyelela ebhange elihambayo elingu-100% kodwa abazisa ukuqina kweqembu elikhulu lezezimali.
Isahluko se umshwalense othengiswa ngomcabango Nayo inesakhiwo sayo. Umshwalense wokuphila uhlinzekwa ngabakwa-VidaCaixa, SAU de Seguros y Reaseguros, kuyilapho umshwalense ongewona wokuphila (wezempilo, ikhaya, neminye imigqa) uhlinzekwa ngabakwa-SegurCaixa Adeslas, SA de Seguros y Reaseguros. I-CaixaBank, SA isebenza njengo-opharetha we-bancassurance okhethekile we-VidaCaixa kanye nomthengisi ogunyaziwe we-SegurCaixa Adeslas.
Le ndima yeCaixaBank njengo umqhubi womshuwalense wasebhange Ibhaliswe kuRejista Yabasabalalisi Bomshuwalense Nokuvuselelwa kwe-Directorate General of Insurance and Pension Funds (DGSFP) ngaphansi kwekhodi OE0003. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhange linomshuwalense wesikweletu sobungcweti ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamanje, obalulekile ukumboza izimo ezingaba khona ezivela emsebenzini walo wokusabalalisa umshwalense. Ihhovisi elibhalisiwe leCaixaBank litholakala eCalle Pintor Sorolla, 2-4, 46002 Valencia, enenombolo yokuhlonza intela eshiwo ngenhla (NIF) A08663619.
I-Openbank kanye nebhange eliku-inthanethi elinama-akhawunti anenzalo kanye namadiphozithi
I-Openbank, inkampani engaphansi kwedijithali ye I-Banco Santander igxile ebhange eliku-inthanethiIhlanganisa ama-akhawunti wamanje amahhala, ama-akhawunti okonga, kanye namadiphozithi esikhathi esinqunyiwe kanye namazinga enzalo okukhushulwa. Ngemuva kwezipesheli zokwamukela kanye nemibhalo emikhulu kunezibonelo ezimele imbuyiselo ezikusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono ukuthi ama-APR nezimo ezihlobene nawo zisebenza kanjani.
Isibonelo esijwayelekile yi- Idiphozithi Evulekile Yezinyanga Ezi-4 ngenzalo ekhokhwayo ekupheleni kwethemu kanye nebhalansi engu-€25.000. Uma iklayenti lihlangabezana nazo zonke izimo - njengokufaka ngqo umholo, impesheni noma inzuzo yokungasebenzi, noma ukwenza amadiphozithi aphindaphindayo okungenani angu-€900 ngenyanga kwenye inhlangano - kuzosebenza i-APR engu-2,78% kanye nesilinganiso senzalo saminyaka yonke esingu-2,75%, okusho ukuthi umholo ophelele ungu-€229,17 ekupheleni kwalezo zinyanga ezine.
Uma lezi zimfuneko zemali engenayo yangaphandle eziphindaphindayo zingahlangatshezwa, idiphozithi efanayo ingathola inzalo ku- I-APR engu-1,76% kanye nesilinganiso senzalo saminyaka yonke esingu-1,75%Lokhu kuzokhiqiza isamba esingu-€145,83 esikhathini esifanayo kanye nebhalansi efanayo engu-€25.000. Okokugcina, uma idiphozithi ikhanselwa ngaphambi kwezinyanga ezi-4, kuzosebenza i-APR engu-0,20% (TIN 0,20%), ngakho-ke uma ibhalansi igcinwa izinyanga ezintathu kuphela, imbuyiselo izoba yisamba esingu-€12,50, okubonisa inhlawulo engacacile yokungalandeli isikhathi esivunyelwene ngaso.
Izibonelo nazo zichazwe inkokhelo kuma-akhawunti okonga ngesikhathi sokukhushulwaNjengoba ibhalansi engaguquki engu-€25.000 izinyanga eziyisithupha ngesilinganiso samaphesenti sonyaka (i-APR) esingu-2,27% kanye nesilinganiso senzalo esinqunyiwe sonyaka (i-NIR) esingu-2,25%, imbuyiselo yonyaka iyonke izoba ngu-€281,25, kukhunjulwe ukuthi phakathi nalezo zinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala izinga lokukhushulwa lisebenza kuze kufike ku-€100.000. Kusukela ku-euro eyisigidi kuya phezulu, imbuyiselo iba ngu-0,20% APR kanye ne-NIR minyaka yonke, ngaphandle komkhawulo webhalansi.
Imibandela ivame ukufaka izidingo ezifana nokuba umholo omncane wenyanga noma imali engenayo ngenani elithile lezinyanga (isibonelo, €600 ngenyanga okungenani izinyanga ezine, noma €900 ngenyanga izinyanga ezintathu, kuye ngokukhushulwa). Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imikhankaso inikeza amabhonasi emali—isibonelo, isamba esingu-€500—okubhekwa njengenzuzo yokutshalwa kwezimali engaphansi kwentela yokubamba engu-19%, okusetshenziswa yi-Openbank ngokuhambisana nemithetho yentela yamanje.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Openbank inikeza Vula i-Akhawunti Yamanje ngaphandle kwezindleko Izimali zokulungisa, zokuphatha, noma zokukhansela, ezihlanganiswe ne-Open Debit Card, ziyasuswa kumnikazi wekhadi oyinhloko lapho ekhishwa noma evuselelwa. Zonke izimali nemibandela zichazwe kabanzi kuDokhumenti Yolwazi Lwemali Ye-akhawunti yokonga ehambisanayo kanye nolwazi Lwangaphambi Kokukhishwa kwekhadi ledebithi, zombili ezitholakala kuwebhusayithi yabo.
Endaweni yokutshalwa kwezimali, izimali ezithengiswa yi-Openbank Zihlanganisa ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngezinga lengozi, izimali ezikhokhwayo, ukusebenza komlando, kanye nenqubomgomo yokutshalwa kwezimali ku-Prospectus yabo noma ku-Key Investor Information Document (KIID). Le mibhalo ingabhekwa kokubili ekhasini lamaqiniso lesikhwama ngasinye ku-www.openbank.es kanye nakuwebhusayithi ye-CNMV (www.cnmv.es), ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswa ukucaca kanye nokufinyelela kumadokhumenti asemthethweni.
Ama-Neobanks Ahamba Phambili Namabhange Edijithali eYurophu
Ukunwetshwa kwe Ibhange ledijithali kanye ne-fintech eYurophu Kube mnandi kakhulu. I-Revolut ikhule isuka kumakhasimende ayizigidi ezingu-1,5 yaya kweziyizigidi ezingu-10 eminyakeni emibili nje kuphela (kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2018 kuya kuFebhuwari 2020) futhi manje inabasebenzisi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-25. I-N26 iphinde yaphinda kabili isisekelo sayo samakhasimende ezikhathini ezifanayo, ibhalise abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-5 phakathi kuka-2018 no-2020, futhi manje ingenye yabadlali ababalulekile emakethe yaseYurophu.
Amapulatifomu afana ne-Veriff asebenzisana nabaningi balaba Amabhange edijithali aseYurophu Ukuhlinzeka ngezixazululo zokuqinisekisa ubuwena kanye nokuphepha ku-inthanethi kubalulekile ezinhlanganweni ezisebenza cishe ngeziteshi ezikude kuphela. Lezi zinhlobo zobudlelwano bezobuchwepheshe ziqinisa ukuvimbela ukukhwabanisa futhi ziqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezimfuneko zomthetho ze-KYC (Yazi Ikhasimende Lakho) kanye ne-AML (Anti-Money Laundering).
Ukukhetha i-neobank ethile kuncike ezicini zomuntu siqu, kodwa kuyalulekwa ukuthi ungacabangi nje kuphela ngokuphepha kanye nezimali, kodwa futhi ukumbozwa kwesiqinisekiso sediphozithi (isibonelo, ngezimali zesiqinisekiso ezilingana ne-US FDIC ezweni ngalinye) kanye nekhwalithi yokusekelwa kwamakhasimende. Ngezansi, sibuyekeza amanye amabhange edijithali amele kakhulu ezwenikazi kanye nokuthi yini ewenza abe akhethekile.
Revolut
I-Revolute cishe yiyona i-neobank eyaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikeleleYazalelwa e-United Kingdom futhi ikhona emazweni angaphezu kwama-30, ukuthandwa kwayo kwakhelwe ekunikezeni amanani ancintisanayo kakhulu, uhlelo lokusebenza olunamandla, kanye nezinsizakalo eziningi ezengeziwe ezidlula kakhulu i-akhawunti yamanje eyisisekelo.
Phakathi kwamandla ayo kukhona ukushintshaniswa kwemali ngaphandle kwezimali ezifihliwe (ngaphakathi kwemingcele ethile), ukudluliselwa kwamanye amazwe okungabizi kakhulu, izimali mboleko zomuntu siqu, umshwalense wokuhamba nowocingo, kanye nekhono lokuhweba ngama-cryptocurrencies ngqo kusuka kuhlelo lokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zabo zokubhalisa zinikeza izinzuzo ezengeziwe njengokukhipha imali, imikhawulo yokushintshaniswa kwemali, kanye nokufinyelela kwe-premium.
I-Revolut ithole idumela lokuba yi-specially ezintsha endleleni yayo yokuphatha amabhangeIbeka phambili ulwazi lomsebenzisi futhi ibuyekeza njalo uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza ngezici ezintsha, ipulatifomu inikeza konke kusukela kuzilawuli zokuphepha kwamakhadi ezihlanganisiwe kuya ezindaweni zokugcina imali ezenzakalelayo namathuluzi okuhlaziya ukusetshenziswa kwemali, ilwela njalo ukuletha inani elengeziwe elikhuthaza ukwethembeka komsebenzisi.
Valyuz
UValyuz ungumuntu isikhungo semali kagesi esibhalisiwe futhi silawulwa eLithuaniaokuzibeke njengendlela elula kakhulu yokuphatha ama-akhawunti nezinkokhelo zomhlaba wonke, ikakhulukazi kubasebenzisi nezinkampani ezinezidingo zemali eziningi. Ukunikezwa kwayo kusekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza olulula kakhulu nolunembile, olunezinqubo zokubhalisa nokusetshenziswa okusheshayo.
Phakathi kwezici ezivelele zikaValyuz yikhono lakhe lokwenza Yenza ukudluliselwa ngezimali ezingu-35 emazweni angu-212Lokhu kwenza kube inketho ekhangayo kumabhizinisi aphesheya. Iphinde inikeze i-Mastercard ekhokhelwa kusengaphambili, ukushintshaniswa kwemali ngamanani ancintisanayo, kanye nokufinyelela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ze-Apple ne-Android, konke okunokuqinisekiswa okuphephile.
Umehluko owodwa othakazelisayo uma uqhathaniswa nabanye abadlali ukuthi uvumela babe nabasayini abaningi be-akhawunti efanayoLesi sici saziswa kakhulu yizinkampani ezinabaphathi bezezimali abaningi noma ozakwethu abadinga ukugunyaza izinkokhelo. Idumela labo lakhiwe ngensizakalo yamakhasimende enhle kakhulu kanye namakhono abo obuchwepheshe okucubungula izinkokhelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngempumelelo.
UMonzo
I-Monzo ese-UK isizibonakalise njengenye yezinkampani ezithengisa kakhulu amabhange amakhulu edijithali aseBrithani ngamakhasimende angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7. I-akhawunti yakho, eza ne-Mastercard, ingasetshenziswa noma kuphi lapho lolu hlelo lokukhokha lwamukelwa khona, futhi ihlukile ngokungakhokhisi imali yokusebenzisa imali yangaphandle ngaphakathi kwemingcele ethile.
Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Monzo lugxila kakhulu ku- ukuphathwa kwezimali zomuntu siquIvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babeke isabelomali sanyanga zonke ngesigaba, bathole izaziso ezisheshayo zenkokhelo ngayinye, bahlele imali ibe "amabhodwe" ahlukene noma amabhange engulube, futhi bathole inzalo ekongeni okufakwe emikhiqizweni ethile. Le ndlela isiza abasebenzisi ukuthi babe nokulawula okubonakalayo nokusebenzayo emalini yabo.
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu yikhono lokwenza thuthukisa umholo ngosuku olulodwa kusengaphambili Uma umqashi esebenzisa izinhlelo ezithile zokukhokha, kuyinto eyengeziwe amakhasimende amaningi ayazisayo ngokulinganisela kangcono ukuhamba kwemali yabo ekupheleni kwenyanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iMonzo inikeza ama-debit aqondile, ukudluliselwa kwebhange, kanye nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yezezimali ehambisanayo, okwenza ifane kakhulu nebhange elihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezigcwele zokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.
I-Starling Bank
I-Starling Bank, nayo evela e-UK, ithole igama elithi "intandokazi" ngaphakathi kwebhange ledijithali Ngenxa yemiklomelo eyiqoqile. Ngo-2019, i-akhawunti yayo yomuntu siqu yaqashelwa njengeBhange LaseBrithani Elihamba Phambili kanye ne-Akhawunti Yamanje Ehamba Phambili, futhi ama-akhawunti ayo ebhizinisi nawo amukelwe kahle emakethe.
Yasungulwa yibhange u-Anne Boden ngo-2014, i-Starling iphawulwe nge- imodeli yebhizinisi egxile kumsebenzisiNgohlelo lokusebenza oluklanywe kahle kanye nezinqubomgomo zemali yokuncintisana, inikeza ama-akhawunti omuntu siqu, ama-akhawunti ebhizinisi, kanye nezinsizakalo ezengeziwe ezifana nezinketho zezimali, konke kungaphakathi kwesipiliyoni seselula esingu-100%.
Abahlaziyi bavame ukugqamisa ukucaca kwendlela kaStarlingIsu lebhange ukwenza kube lula ukusebenza kwebhange ngangokunokwenzeka, ukugcina isakhiwo sezindleko esilula, nokubeka phambili ukucaca. Le ndlela yenze kwaba yisifundo sendlela yokusebenza kwe-fintech yaseYurophu.
N26
I-N26, eseJalimane, iyinkampani ethengisa izinto ezithengiswayo. ibhange elinelayisensi ephelele elinabasebenzisi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-8 isakazeke emazweni amaningana. Isiphakamiso sabo sigxile kuma-akhawunti omuntu siqu nawebhizinisi mahhala, ngaphandle kwemali efihliwe kanye nohlelo lokusebenza olulula ukulusebenzisa, olwenzelwe impilo yeselula.
Enye yezinto ezikhangayo ezinkulu ukuthi Inomshuwalense wediphozithi ofika ku-€100.000Ukumbozwa uhlelo lokuvikela lwaseJalimane kanye nemiyalelo yaseYurophu kunikeza ukuthula kwengqondo kulabo abathutha imali eningi nge-akhawunti yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhadi livumela ukuthengiselana okungenazinkinga kokubili kokukhokha esitolo kanye naku-inthanethi.
Esinye sezici ezaziwa kakhulu ze-N26 uhlelo lwayo lwe- “Izikhala” noma ama-akhawunti angaphansi angaphakathiabasebenzisi abangakudalela imigomo ehlukene: ukonga uhambo, imoto, isikhwama sezimo eziphuthumayo, njll. “Isikhala” ngasinye sisebenza njengemvilophu encane yedijithali lapho ungabeka khona imali eceleni futhi ulandelele ngeso lengqondo intuthuko yakho kulowo mgomo, ukhuthaze ukonga okuhlelekile kakhudlwana.
Sawubona Bank
I-Hello Bank iyisevisi yasebhange yedijithali I-BNP Paribas eBelgiumYasungulwa ngo-2013 njengebhange eliku-inthanethi eliphelele elenzelwe amakhasimende afuna ukuphatha yonke into ngaphandle kokuvakashela igatsha, inohlelo lokusebenza oluklanywe kahle lwabantu abamatasa abadinga ukufinyelela okusheshayo nokulula kwezezimali zabo.
Su I-akhawunti yamanje eyisisekelo ibiza u-€1 ngenyangaLokhu kufaka phakathi ibhange eliku-inthanethi, eleselula, nelefoni, ikhadi ledebithi, kanye nekhono lokusetha ama-debit aqondile kanye nama-standing order. Ngokungafani namanye ama-neobank amahhala, leli likhokhisa imali encane ngokushintshana nephakheji yesevisi ephelele.
Ngaphezu kwe-akhawunti yamanje, i-Hello Bank inikeza ikhathalogi ebanzi yemikhiqizoAma-akhawunti okonga, amakhadi esikweletu e-Visa, amakhadi akhokhelwa kusengaphambili, umshwalense kanye nezinsizakalo zokuhweba ngezibambiso, okwenza kube yinhlangano ekwazi ukumboza iningi lezidingo zasebhange zomsebenzisi ojwayelekile ngaphandle kokushiya indawo yedijithali.
Ukuvukela
Ukuvukela kuyibhange le-neobank laseSpain elinabantu abacishe babe Abasebenzisi abangu-280.000 kanye nokugxila okucacile kakhulu ku-Generation Zikakhulukazi intsha ephakathi kweminyaka eyi-16 nengama-25 ubudala. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa neziqhwaga ezifana neRevolut noma i-N26, ukunikezwa kwayo kuye kwazibonakalisa ngokukhuluma ulimi lwezilaleli zayo nokuklama imikhiqizo efanela izidingo zazo zansuku zonke.
wayengomunye Amabhange okuqala aphikisayo eSpain azothola ilayisensi yasebhange Futhi ekuhlinzekeni i-IBAN yayo, kuyingqophamlando ebalulekile ngoba ivumela ukuthi isebenze njenge-akhawunti yasebhange evamile yokuthola amaholo noma ama-debit aqondile. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwelayisensi kanye nokwazisa isiko lentsha kuyinike indawo ehlukile ngaphakathi kwesimiso sezwe se-fintech.
Ukuze ihlale ibalulekile, i-Rebellion iyazama hlala isinyathelo esisodwa phambili ekusunguleni izinto ezintshaIsibonelo esisodwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-"Location Intelligence" ye-Google Maps, okuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi ngokusebenzisa idatha yendawo yomthengisi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe umongo wezinkokhelo futhi kuhlinzekwe ngezinketho ezintsha ezisekelwe endaweni.
I-Aion Bank kanye negagasi elisha lebhange ledijithali elinemisipha yendabuko
I-panorama ye Amabhange aseSpain asezobhekana nokunye ukushaqeka Ngokufika kwe-Aion Bank, esekelwa yi-UniCredit, imboni yamabhange eSpain ihlukaniswe phakathi kwama-giants afana ne-Santander, i-BBVA, ne-CaixaBank, kanye nama-neobank amaningi asevele ekhona. Ukungena komdlali omusha onokusekelwa okukhulu kwezezimali kanye nesifiso sedijithali kudala injabulo enkulu.
I-Aion Bank iyi- ibhange elivela eBelgium-Poland elitholwe yi-UniCredit kanye nomhlinzeki wayo wezobuchwepheshe iVodeno cishe nge-€376 million. Isu lika-CEO we-UniCredit u-Andrea Orcel lihilela ukuthola ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nelayisensi yasebhange evela ku-ECB, okwenza inkampani ikwazi ukwanda kulo lonke elaseYurophu ngaphandle kokuvula inethiwekhi enkulu yamagatsha angokoqobo, esikhundleni salokho ikhethe imodeli yedijithali engu-100%.
Ukufika eSpain kusendaweni isigaba sokuphatha esithuthukisiweI-UniCredit NV SA isivele ibhalise igatsha layo kwi-Mercantile Registry, futhi isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuhlanganisa izinqubo neBhange laseSpain. Umgomo uwukuqalisa ipulatifomu yezohwebo phakathi kwekota yesibili neyesithathu yonyaka, ukuze iBhange i-Aion likwazi ukusebenza futhi likhangise eSpain ngaphambi kokuphela kwehlobo.
Isifiso seBhange i-Aion ukuba yi- i-akhawunti yasebhange ephelele kusukela ngosuku lokuqalahhayi nje kwi-akhawunti yamakhadi eselula. Umhlahlandlela wabo uhlanganisa ukubhanga ngokuthengisa ngama-akhawunti namakhadi amanje, ezezimali zabathengi, ukugxila kakhulu ezikweletini zemali mboleko, imikhiqizo yokonga kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nokubhanga ngebhizinisi ngezixazululo ezithile zama-SME namabhizinisi.
Empeleni, abahlaziyi abaningi basikisela ukuthi ihlose phinda imodeli ye-OpenbankI-subsidiary ye-Banco Santander yakha ibhange elingenagatsha elikwazi ukuphatha izimali zomndeni ngokuphelele. Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, iqasha abantu abanamakhono abavela ohlelweni lwezezimali lwaseSpain, kanye nethimba eliholwa nguDiego Azorín (onesipiliyoni sangaphambilini ezikhungweni ezifana neBigbank kanye ne-LEA Bank) kanye namaphrofayili ahloselwe ukukhula okusheshayo nokuphatha inani elikhulu lokuthengiselana kusukela ekuqaleni.
Indawo i-Aion Bank engena kuyo ayilula: ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ibhange lendabuko eSpain liqinise ukwenziwa kwalo kwedijithali Ngemikhiqizo efana ne-imagin (CaixaBank) noma i-B100 (Abanca) ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhange ama-neobank afana ne-Revolut, i-N26, noma amapulatifomu okutshala imali njenge-Trade Republic athola isabelo semakethe. Ukuncintisana kule "ndawo yokuhlola" evuthiwe kuzodinga ukunikezwa okuhlukile ngentengo, ulwazi lomsebenzisi, noma imikhiqizo.
I-UNIBO, i-UNNAX kanye nendima yezinhlangano zemali kagesi
Ngaphandle kwamabhange anelayisensi yomhlaba wonke, uhlelo lwe-fintech luthembele ku- izinhlangano zemali ze-elekthronikhi (ama-EME) kanye nezinhlangano zokukhokha ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezibalulekile zamapulatifomu edijithali nama-portal. Isibonelo esisodwa yi-portal ye-UNIBO, lapho izinsizakalo zayo zemali ze-elekthronikhi zihlinzekwa yi-UNNAX REGULATORY SERVICES, EDE, SL.
I-UNNAX iyi- I-EDE igunyazwe yiBhange laseSpain futhi ibhaliswe kuRejista Ekhethekile Yezinhlangano ngekhodi 6719. Lokhu kugunyazwa kuyivumela ukuthi ikhiphe imali kagesi futhi inikeze izinsizakalo zokukhokha, ihlanganiswe nezixazululo zezinkampani zangaphandle (njenge-UNIBO) ezinganikeza ama-akhawunti edijithali kanye nokuthengiselana ngaphandle kokuba amabhange endabuko, ahlala engaphakathi kohlaka lokulawula lwaseYurophu.
Ngokuqondene ne ukuvikela izimali zamakhasimendeI-UNNAX isebenzisa ama-akhawunti ahlukanisiwe e-BANCO INVERSIS SA, inhlangano yasebhange eqondiswa yiBhange laseSpain kanye ne-CNMV futhi ebhaliswe kuRejista Esemthethweni Yamabhange enenombolo 0232. Ama-akhawunti ahlukanisiwe aqinisekisa ukuthi imali yamakhasimende ihlala ihlukile empahleni yenhlangano yemali kagesi, okunciphisa ingozi uma kwenzeka izinkinga zezimali ze-EDE uqobo.
Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwamakhadi, i-APR, i-AER kanye nokukhushulwa kokwamukela
Emhlabeni we ibhange eliku-inthanethi kanye ne-fintech Amakhadi esikweletu anezinketho zezimali eziguquguqukayo, amabhonasi okwamukela, kanye namadiphozithi entengo ehleliwe nawo aya ngokuya evame kakhulu. Ukuqonda izibonelo ezimele ze-APR kanye ne-AER kubalulekile ukuze wazi ukuthi ubhalisela ini kanye nezindleko zangempela zesikweletu.
Kwamanye amakhadi, I-APR ephezulu kakhulu esebenzayo ingafinyelela ku-23,85%.nge-APR ephezulu engaba ngu-21,58%, kuye ngenani nesikhathi esikhethiwe. Izipesheli ngokuvamile zifaka amazinga lapho ukuthengwa kokuqala okuxhaswe ngemali minyaka yonke kunezindleko zokuvula ezincishisiwe noma ezingasho lutho, ngemva kwalokho kusebenza izimali eziqinile noma ezisekelwe kumaphesenti.
Isibonelo, ukuthengwa kokuqala kweminyaka emithathu phakathi kuka-€150 no-€750, okuxhaswe ngezimali ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuya kwezi-6, kungase kube €0 imali yokuvulaNgakho-ke, isibonelo esimele esingu-€750 ezinyangeni ezi-3 singaba ne-APR kanye nenzalo encane engu-0%, kanye nezitolimende ezingu-€250 kanye nezindleko zesikweletu ezingu-€0. Ngamanye amazwi, ngaphansi kwalezi zimo zokukhushulwa, ikhasimende likhokha kuphela imali eyinhloko.
Kuzo zonke ezinye izinto ezithengiwe, uhlelo luyashintsha: phakathi kuka-€150 no-€350 ezinyangeni ezi-3, [ulwazi olungekho - okungenzeka ukuthi yisilinganiso senzalo noma izinga elithile] lungasetshenziswa. €3 imali yokuvulaEsibonelweni se-€150 ezinyangeni ezi-3, i-APR ephumelayo izoba ngu-12,91%, ngesilinganiso senzalo esincane esingu-0%, inkokhelo yanyanga zonke engu-€50 izinyanga ezintathu, kanye nezindleko zesikweletu eziphelele ezingu-€3. Ku-€350 ezinyangeni ezi-3, i-APR yehliswa ibe ngu-5,30%, futhi ngesilinganiso senzalo esincane esingu-0%, kanti ikhomishini engu-€3 inyusa inani eliphelele elikweletwayo libe ngu-€353.
Ngamanani aphakathi kuka-€350,01 no-€750 ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, Imali yokuvula ingaba yi-€20Esibonelweni semali mboleko engu-€350,01 ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, i-APR izoba cishe ngu-22,53%, ngesilinganiso senzalo esincane esingu-0%, izinkokhelo zanyanga zonke ezingaba ngu-€58,34 izinyanga ezinhlanu, kanye nenkokhelo yokugcina elungiswe kancane ukuze kuqedwe imali mboleko engu-€370,01. Ngemali mboleko engu-€750 ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, i-APR izokwehla ibe ngu-9,74%, ngezinkokhelo zanyanga zonke ezingu-€125 kanye nezindleko zesikweletu eziphelele ezingu-€20, konke lokhu kungenxa yemali yokuqala.
Kusukela ku-€750 kanye nemigomo yezinyanga ezingu-12, ngokuvamile Susa imali yokuvulaKodwa-ke, izindleko zidluliselwa esilinganisweni senzalo. Isibonelo, imali mboleko engu-€1.500 ezinyangeni ezingu-12, ene-APR engu-23,85% kanye nesilinganiso senzalo esincane esingu-21,58%, izobandakanya izinkokhelo zanyanga zonke ezingaba ngu-€140,09 izinyanga eziyishumi nanye kanye nenkokhelo yokugcina engu-€140,07, ngezindleko eziphelele zenzalo engu-€181,06. Lezi zibalo zibonisa ukuthi izindleko ezisebenzayo zingahluka kanjani kakhulu kuye ngenani lemali mboleko, isikhathi, kanye nesakhiwo semali.
Amakhadi amaningi afaka phakathi ukwamukela ukukhushulwa ngendlela yekhredithi eyengeziweIsibonelo, isikweletu esingu-€40 sizosetshenziswa ku-akhawunti yekhadi uma nje ukuthenga noma ukukhipha imali efinyelela okungenani ku-€300 (ngaphandle kokudluliselwa kuma-akhawunti amanje) kwenziwa phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala. Lesi sikweletu sibhekwa njengemali engenayo engaphansi kwentela yengeniso yomuntu siqu (i-IRPF), ikhadi kumele lisebenze futhi libuyekezwe ngezinkokhelo, futhi ibhange lingaguqula isikweletu uma singasetshenziswa phakathi nesikhathi esithile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okulandelayo kunikezwa: Amadiphozithi esikhathi esinqunyiwe ane-APR ne-AER ekhangayoIsibonelo, idiphozithi engu-€30.000 yezinyanga ezingu-18 enesilinganiso senzalo yonyaka (i-TIN) esilinganiselwa ku-1,887% (isilinganiso samaphesenti sonyaka (i-APR) esingu-1,90%). Kuleso simo, inzalo iyonke elinganisiwe ekupheleni kwesikhathi izoba ngu-€848,37 (€687,18 engenayo ngemuva kwentela ebambekayo), ngokusekelwe esikhathini sezinsuku ezingu-547. Lawa madiphozithi ngokuvamile adinga okungenani (isibonelo, €5.000) kanye nenani eliphezulu (njenge-€250.000), futhi adinga ukuvula i-akhawunti yokonga ehlobene lapho inzalo ikhokhwe khona.
La i-akhawunti yokonga exhunywe kwidiphozithi Akuvumelekile ukunikeza noma iyiphi inzalo (0% APR, 0% AER), ngaphandle kwemali yokuvula, yokuphatha, noma yokulungisa, futhi ngokuyinhloko isebenza njengosekelo lokusebenza. Izimali ezikhokhwayo zibalwa ngokunquma ibhalansi yesikweletu esimaphakathi esikhathini esithile. Uma iklayenti likhansela idiphozithi kusenesikhathi, livame ukubuyisa imali eyinhloko kuphela futhi kumele likhokhe yonke inzalo etholwe kuze kube yileso sikhathi, kufaka phakathi noma yikuphi ukugodla intela okusebenzayo.
Zonke lezi zibonelo zibonisa ukuthi Ibhange eliku-inthanethi kanye ne-fintech kuhlanganisa okunikezwayo okuncintisana kakhulu Ngemigomo nemibandela eningiliziwe okufanele ifundwe ngokucophelela: kusukela kobani obangela umkhiqizo ngamunye (ibhange, i-EDE, noma isikhungo sokukhokha), kuya endleleni izimali ezivikelwa ngayo, yiziphi izimali ezikhokhwayo, nokuthi izinga lenzalo elijwayelekile (i-TIN) kanye nezinga lephesenti lonyaka (i-APR) libalwa kanjani. Ngokunaka kakhulu ubuchwepheshe obuncane nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe, kungenzeka ukuthola okuningi kulo mhlaba omusha wezezimali ngaphandle kokudela ukuphepha noma ukulawula izimali zethu.