Uhlelo olusebenzayo I-Microsoft's Windows 11 iyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izibuyekezo kanye nezithiyo zokuvikela ukuze uthole ulwazi oluphephile. Kulokhu, ukulindela izinsongo zekhompuyutha ze-quantum zesikhathi esizayo, ngezinketho ezihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okukhulu kwemvelo ye-Windows.
Izinsongo ze-Quantum computing in Windows 11 ayikwazi ukushaywa indiva, njengoba abaduni bethuthukisa amasu athuthukayo. Ngenxa yamasu afana ne-post-quantum cryptography, Windows 11 inganweba ububanzi bayo bokuvikela futhi izame ukunciphisa umonakalo. Kulesi sihloko, sihlola i- i-post-quantum cryptography (PQC) kanye namathuba ewanikezayo, esikhathini esizayo, ukuvikela uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza kubaduni abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba.
I-Quantum Computing nokuphepha ku Windows 11
Ukufika kwamakhompuyutha e-quantum kubekela inselele ukuphepha kwekhompyutha njengoba besikwazi. Labo ababhekele iWindows, abazinze eRedmond, balungiselela ukushiya iWindows 10 (ukusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kuphela ngo-Okthoba 2025) futhi bahlose ukweqa okokugcina Windows 11.
Phakathi kwezici ezintsha neziphakamiso ze qinisekisa ukuphepha komsebenzisiI-Microsoft iqondise ukusetshenziswa kwe-quantum computing ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwe-Windows 11. Ikhompyutha ye-quantum ingenza izibalo nokusebenza ngamaminithi okungathatha iminyaka yekhompuyutha evamile ukuqeda. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinyathelo zokuphepha ezisekelwe kuphasiwedi nokhiye bezinhlamvu nezinombolo zingahlehliswa ngendaba yamasekhondi. Lolu uchungechunge lonke lwezinselelo onjiniyela bamakhompyutha ababhekana nazo njengamanje ukuze bathole izimpendulo.
Isimo esibi kakhulu ku-cybersecurity
Cabanga nje ukuthi, ngobusuku obubodwa, amakhompiyutha e-quantum ayakwazi ukucacisa le finyelela amakhodi kuma-akhawunti akho asebhange kanye nalezo zanoma iyiphi inkampani noma i-ejensi kahulumeni. Lesi yisimo esiyisiphithiphithi nesibi emhlabeni wezezimali ze-elekthronikhi. Kepha ukukunqanda ukuthi kungenzeki, iMicrosoft isivele isebenza ezindleleni zokuphepha ngokuhambisana naleli khono elisha.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-cryptography Indlela yamanje isebenza kahle kubaduni banamuhla. Uma ukuphumelela kwekhompuyutha kohlobo i-quantum computing eziqhayisa ngayo kufika, i-cryptography kuzodingeka iguqulelwe kulolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe. Ngokocwaningo nezibikezelo zamaqembu esayensi, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kuzoba namasela angochwepheshe akwazi ukusebenzisa amakhompyutha we-quantum ukuze adlule imigoqo ye-cryptographic evamile. Kulo mongo, i-post-quantum cryptography yazalwa, impendulo yezobuchwepheshe ekuhlinzekeni ukuphepha kubasebenzisi. Futhi Windows 11 isebenza kulo mkhakha we-quantum computing ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwesisekelo sabasebenzisi bayo.
Kuyini i-cryptography?
La i-cryptography yamanje Isekelwe ezinkingeni zezibalo okunzima ukuzixazulula ngamandla ekhompuyutha amakhompyutha endabuko. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi amandla okuxazulula ikhompyutha ye-quantum aphezulu kakhulu, izinkinga zamanje zingaxazululwa ngemizuzu embalwa nje. Lokhu kuzokwenza izindlela zamanje zokubethela zingasebenzi ngobusuku obubodwa.
I-Microsoft ithatha igxathu eliya phambili ukuze ibhekane naleli qiniso futhi ihlanganise lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-post-quantum cryptography ku-Windows 11. Lesi sivikelo sesivele sitholakala ekubuyekezweni kokuhlolwa kwakamuva: Canary Build 27852 nakamuva. Umgomo uwukukhipha kancane kancane kwezinye izinguqulo, njengoba abasebenzisi bezwa ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okuvela kulobu buchwepheshe.
Sebenzisa ama-algorithms amasha afana ne-ML-KEM ne-ML-DSA Lokhu sekuvele kufakiwe kukuphepha kwe-SymCrypt nelabhulali yezinsiza. Lena inhliziyo yokuvikela ikhompuyutha ye-Windows, futhi asikho isilinganiso esisha esingasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuxhumanisa ukusebenza nokusebenza kwayo. Nokho, akuyona inhlamvu yomlingo. I-post-quantum cryptography idinga izinsiza ezengeziwe futhi isebenzisa umkhawulokudonsa owengeziwe. Ngalesi sizathu, amadivaysi amadala nasezingeni eliphansi awabandakanyi ekukhaveni. Akuwona wonke amakhompyutha azoba nosekelo lobuchwepheshe lwaleli zinga elisha lokuvikeleka. Mhlawumbe iphuzu elibi kakhulu phakathi kwalesi sidingo sokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe ekuvikeleni nasekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza ku-Windows.
Ingabe ukwesaba abaduni be-quantum kunehaba?
Ngeshwa akunjalo. Muva nje, iqembu labacwaningi baseShayina likwazile ukucacisa ikhodi yezinga lezempi lisebenzisa ikhompyutha ye-quantum yokuhlola. Nakuba isintu sikude nokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwalawa makhompiyutha e-quantum, usongo lungokoqobo ngendlela emangalisayo. Ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha bakhuluma ngisho "ngezinhlekelele ze-quantum" uma kungenziwanga amalungiselelo afanele.
Ukwesaba okuyinhloko namuhla umkhuba obizwa ngokuthi "vuna manje, qopha kamuva" (Vuna manje, susa ukubethela kamuva). Kuhilela ukweba idatha ebethelwe namuhla, ukuyigcina kuze kube yilapho kutholakala ikhompuyutha ye-quantum, bese uyisusa ukubethela nokweba imininingwane. Kungakho umjaho wokuvuselela amasistimu wokusebenza nezici zokuphepha usuyisidingo esiphuthumayo.
Ama-algorithms amasha
Kusuka ku Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Samazinga Nobuchwepheshe sase-United States (NIST) isivele ikhethe ama-algorithms anamandla we-post-quantum. Umsebenzi usuvele uyaqhubeka ekusebenziseni kwabo ne-TLS, SSH, ne-IPSec protocol. Ngokuthuthukisa ukuqaliswa kwalawa mazinga ku-Windows 11, i-Microsoft ihamba phambili kunosongo oluzayo, okuthi nakuba lubonakala lukude, luzofika maduze noma kamuva.
Akukhona nje ukuvikela ikhompuyutha yakho noma iselula. Ukuvikelwa kwe-Quantum kuzosetshenziswa kumadivayisi, izinhlelo zokusebenza, nezinsizakalo zamafu. Kusukela ezinkokhelweni zedijithali kuye kobunikazi bedijithali namasevisi namathuluzi adinga idatha ebethelwe ukuze isebenze ngokujwayelekile.
La Countdown kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwe-quantum computing Sekuvele kuqalile, futhi Windows 11 ijoyina ukuthuthukiswa kwezinyathelo zokuzivikela. Kulindeleke ukuthi ekupheleni kwawo-2020, amadivayisi we-quantum anamandla amakhulu okuphula i-cryptography yamanje asevele ekhona. Ngokulindele lesi simo, onjiniyela abaphambili bobuchwepheshe basebenza esihlokweni. Windows 11 cishe izohlala isebenza iminyaka embalwa futhi izogcina injalo, njenge Windows 10, isistimu yokusebenza ezoba khona kumakhompyutha amaningi ngisho nalapho izinguqulo ezintsha zifika. Ngakho-ke, kuyaqondakala ukuthi umsebenzi wezokuphepha usuqala ukuklanywa kule ndawo.