Ukwandiswa kwe- ama-drone azimele anobuhlakani bokwenziwa Kushintsha ngokuphelele isimo sokuphepha, ukuqapha, ngisho nempi yanamuhla. Lokho okwakubonakala njengendaba yesayensi eminyakeni embalwa edlule sekuyinto evamile: izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu ezikwazi ukulandelela abantu, ukuqapha imingcele, noma ukuqopha noma yikuphi ukunyakaza ngokuningiliziwe, ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu.
Kulesi simo esigcwele ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, cishe kuyinto engavamile ukuthola ukuthi into evamile njengesambulela Kungaphonsela inselelo ezinye zalezi zinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe. Iqembu labacwaningi abavela eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, e-Irvine (UC Irvine) likhombisile ukuthi, ngephethini efanele yokubuka, isambulela esilula singakhohlisa, sidonse, futhi sinciphise amamodeli athile ama-drone ezentengiselwano asebenzisa ukulandelela okuzenzakalelayo ngokusekelwe embonweni wekhompyutha.
Ukwanda kwama-drone azimele nokuthi kungani ebangela ukukhathazeka okungaka
Eminyakeni yamuva ukusetshenziswa kwe izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu emhlabeni wonke. Asisakhulumi nje ngama-drone amancane okuzijabulisa okuqopha amavidiyo amahle kakhulu, kodwa ngamapulatifomu angathi sÃna kakhulu asetshenziselwa ukuqapha amadolobha, ukuqapha ingqalasizinda ebalulekile, ukulawula imingcele, noma ukusekela imisebenzi yamaphoyisa neyamasosha.
Ezimeni ezifana ne- impi phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine Sekucacile ukuthi ama-drone abaluleke kangakanani. Kukhona amamodeli e-kamikaze, amadivayisi akhethekile ekulandeleleni imigomo, izinhlelo ezixhunywe yi-fiber optics ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuzinzile, kanye, ngokwandayo, amadivayisi afaka ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze enze izinqumo eyedwa phakathi nendiza.
Lokhu kuzimela kusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwe izinzwa zokukhanya ezithuthukisiwe kanye ama-algorithms okubona kwekhompyutha Lezi zici zivumela i-drone ukuthi ikwazi ukuhlonza abantu noma izinto, izilandelele, futhi isabele ekunyakazeni kwazo ngaphandle kokuthi umshayeli wendiza ahlale elungisa indlela. Emikhiqizweni yabathengi, yilokhu okuthengiswa njengemisebenzi "yethrekhi esebenzayo" noma "yethrekhi eguquguqukayo".
Inkinga ukuthi, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinhlelo kukhula imisebenzi yokuqapha, ukuqapha kanye nokuphephaKukhona futhi ingozi ekhulayo yokusebenzisa kabi: ukuhlukunyezwa, ubunhloli, ukungenelela kobumfihlo, noma ukuqapha okuyimfihlo ezindaweni lapho abantu bengazi nokuthi bayabukwa.
Abacwaningi kanye nochwepheshe bezokuphepha kwe-inthanethi sebexwayise isikhathi eside ukuthi ukuvikela lezi zinhlelo akukwazi ukukhawulelwa ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi (izixhumanisi zomsakazo, ukuxhumana okubethelwe, ama-firewall). ukuqonda okubonakalayo kanye nama-algorithms e-AI Labo abenza izinqumo ngokusekelwe kulokho "abakubonayo" nabo bangaba yiphuzu elibuthakathaka, futhi yilapho kanye lapho umzamo wesambulela othakazelisayo uqala khona.
Iphrojekthi ye-FlyTrap: lapho isambulela siba yisikhali sokuzivikela
Ithimba lochwepheshe bezokuphepha kanye nombono wekhompyutha abavela IYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, e-Irvine Banquma ukungalandeli indlela evamile yokuklama ama-drone ayinkimbinkimbi futhi ahlaselayo. Esikhundleni salokho, babuza umbuzo ohlukile: Kungenzeka yini? ukuzivikela kuma-drone azimele usebenzisa izinto ezilula, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-frequency jammers, ukugenca, noma imishini yezempi ebizayo?
Kusukela kulo mbono, kwazalwa iFlyTrap, indlela yokuhlasela ngokomzimba ngokumelene nama-algorithms okulandelela okuzenzakalelayo Ithembele kuphethini yesithombe eklanyelwe ngqo ukudida uhlelo lokubona lwe-drone. Esikhundleni sokukhubaza idivayisi ngogesi, umgomo uwukulawula lokho "ekucabangayo" okwenzekayo phambi kwekhamera yayo.
Abacwaningi bagxile ekuhlaziyeni kwabo kuma-drone asebenzisa i- ukulandelela okuqondiwe okusekelwe embonweni womshiniLawa amadivayisi athola futhi alandelele umuntu noma into ngokusekelwe olwazini olubonakalayo oluthathwe ngamakhamera abo. Phakathi kwamamodeli ahlaziyiwe kukhona amanye athandwa kakhulu emakethe, njenge-DJI Mini 4 Pro, i-DJI Neo, kanye ne-HoverAir X1.
Ngemva kokutadisha ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zichaza kanjani ukunyakaza komuntu okuqondiwe, ithimba lithole ubuthakathaka obubalulekile: ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, i-algorithm ingashintshwa uma ivezwa nge- iphethini ebonakalayo eklanywe ngokucophelela lokho kushintsha indlela ababona ngayo ibanga kanye nendlela yokunyakaza.
Le ndlela, ebizwa ngokuthi i-FlyTrap, yanyatheliswa ebusweni besambulela esivamile. Umphumela waba isikhali sokuzivikela esishibhile nesifinyeleleka kalula ngokumelene nama-drone azimele, okwakufanele kube nzima kakhulu ukuwadlula ngaphandle kwezindlela zobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Iqhinga lokubona eliyi-ambulera lisebenza kanjani ngempela?
Ingqikithi yeFlyTrap isendleleni ama-algorithms ukulandelela okuzenzakalelayo okusekelwe kumanethiwekhi e-neural Bachaza lokho okuthwetshulwa amakhamera edrone. Lezi zinhlelo zihlaziya uhlaka lwesithombe ngohlaka bese zibala ukuthi ilitshe lihamba kanjani esikrinini ukuze linqume ukuthi indiza kufanele ihambe kuphi nokuthi ngesivinini esingakanani.
Umklamo wesithombe ophrintiwe esambuleleni ubangela ukuthi i-drone "ifunde" isimo esingahambisani neqiniso: iphethini yakhelwe ngendlela yokuthi uhlelo lokubona luphethe ngokuthi okuhlosiwe ukusuka ku-drone, kanti empeleni, umuntu ophethe isambulela usesesendaweni efanayo.
Ibhekene nalokhu kuchazwa kabi, isofthiwe yokulandelela yenza lokho ehlelwe ukukwenza: izama uku nciphisa ibanga kuze kube yilapho ifika esihlokweni sayo, iyigcina ingaphakathi kwebanga lokulandelela elifanele. Ngamanye amazwi, i-drone isondela kancane kancane, ilungisa njalo indlela yayo ngomzamo "wokukhokhela" leli banga elibonwayo.
Lokhu kuziphatha kudala isimo sangempela ukuhlaselwa kokukhanga okukudeEsikhundleni sokuphazamisa i-drone nokubangela ukuba ilahlekelwe umkhondo wayo, isambulela empeleni siyayiheha ukuba isondele kakhulu. Idivayisi ingasondela kakhulu kumuntu ophethe isambulela kangangokuthi iba yinto elula ukuyibamba ngenethi noma ngisho nokushayisana okulawulwayo.
Inzuzo enkulu yale ndlela ukuthi ayidingi ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic noma ukufinyelela isofthiwe ye-droneAsikho isidingo sokuyingena, ukuyivimba isignali yokulawula, noma ukusebenzisa imishini yezempi. Okudingekayo nje isambulela esinomklamo ofanele ukuze kusetshenziswe ubuthakathaka obuthile kakhulu kuma-algorithms okubona ikhompyutha.
Ukuhlolwa ngama-drone ezentengiselwano kanye nemiphumela yocwaningo
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi lo mbono wawungaphezu nje kokuba yinto ethakazelisayo elebhu, ithimba le-UC Irvine lenze ukuhlolwa okuhlelekile ngama-drone ezentengiselwano ezifaka imisebenzi yokulandelela okuzenzakalelayo esetshenziswa kabanzi namuhla.
Abacwaningi bakhethe amamodeli amathathu amele emakethe yabathengi: I-DJI Mini 4 Pro, the U-DJI Neo futhi i I-HoverAir X1Zonke zinezindlela "zokulandela ezisebenzayo" noma "zokulandela eziguquguqukayo" ezenzelwe ukuvumela idivayisi ukuthi ilandele umuntu ngaphandle kokuthi kudingeke ukuthi isebenzise isilawuli kude njalo.
Ekuhlolweni, umuntu wayemi endaweni evulekile nesambulela se-FlyTrap sivuliwe, kuyilapho i-drone ivula imodi yokulandelela okuzenzakalelayo kuleyo ndaba. Uhlelo oluzimele lwabe seluvunyelwe ukwenza umsebenzi walo, ngaphandle kokulungiswa ngesandla, lubheka indlela olusabela ngayo kulokho. iphethini yesithombe sesambulela.
Imiphumela yayiphelele: kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zama-drone ezihlaziyiwe, Indlela ye-FlyTrap idonse ngempumelelo izindiza kuze kube amabanga amafushane kakhulu, okwanele ukuyibamba ngokoqobo ngenetha noma ukuyenza iwele kwesinye isakhiwo noma ithuluzi uma uthanda.
Abacwaningi baphinde lokhu kuhlolwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene zokukhanya kanye nesimo sezulu, bathola amazinga aphezulu empumelelo. Ngokusho kwedatha eyethulwe ezinkundleni zokuphepha njengengqungquthela ye-NDSS, uhlelo lugcine ukusebenza kwalo ngisho nangesikhathi ukuhlukahluka kokukhanya okuzungezile nendawo ezungezile, okuqinisa ukusebenza kwayo okusebenzayo.
Njengengxenye yenqubo yokudalula okunesibopho, ithimba likhulume ngobuthakathaka be- abakhiqizi bama-drone ahilelekile, okuhlanganisa i-DJI ne-HoverAir, ngaphambi kokwenza yonke imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ibe sesidlangalaleni. Umgomo kwakuwukunikeza izinkampani isikhathi sokuhlola izindlela zokunciphisa noma izibuyekezo ze-firmware ezingase ziqinise ukuqina kwama-algorithms azo ngokumelene nalezi zinhlobo zokuhlaselwa ngokomzimba.
Izingozi kanye namacala okusetshenziswa: kusukela ekuphepheni komphakathi kuya ekuhlukunyezweni
Ngale kwendaba yokukwazi "ukuzingela" i-drone ngesambulela, ucwaningo lwe-FlyTrap luletha etafuleni imiphumela emibi kakhulu yokuphepha kanye nokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezinhlelo ezizimele. UProfesa Alfred Chen, umbhali osebenzisana nocwaningo kanye noprofesa wesayensi yamakhompyutha e-UC Irvine, ugcizelela ukuthi ukulandelela okuzenzakalelayo kuyinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le misebenzi iwusizo kakhulu imisebenzi yokuphepha komphakathi, ukuqapha imingcele, noma ukuqapha ingqalasizindaZivumela i-drone ukuthi iqaphe izindawo ezinkulu noma ilandele umsolwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqhuba njalo, ukonga izinsiza kanye nokuthuthukisa amandla okusabela eziphathimandla.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe obufanayo bungasetshenziswa ngezinjongo ezingelutho kangako: Ukuhlukunyezwa komuntu ngamunye, ubunhloli, ukungenelela kobumfihlo ezindaweni zomphakathi noma ezizimele, ukulandelwa kwabantu okungagunyaziwe, njll. Uma noma ubani engathenga i-drone enokulandelela okuzenzakalelayo futhi ayisebenzisele izinjongo ezingabazekayo, ibhalansi phakathi kokuphepha kanye nengozi iba yinkimbinkimbi.
UShaoyuan Xie, umbhali oholayo walolu cwaningo futhi ongusosayensi wekhompyutha, uqokomisa indlela okulula ngayo isambulela esilula ukulawula ukuziphatha kwama-drone athile azimele Lokhu kusiphoqa ukuthi sicabange kabusha ukusetshenziswa kwala madivayisi ezindaweni ezibucayi. Uma kulula kangaka ukuwasebenzisa ngokoqobo, mhlawumbe ukusetshenziswa kwawo kufanele kukhawulelwe noma kulawulwe ezimweni lapho ukwephulwa kokuphepha kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaselwa akukwazi ukusetshenziswa kuphela qeda amandla ama-drone anobutha noma ahlaselayokodwa futhi nokugwema ukubhekwa okusemthethweni. Iqembu elihleliwe lingasebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zephethini ye-FlyTrap ukuze lizifihle emaphoyiseni noma kuma-drone ezempi, lidale izindawo zomthunzi noma libangele izindiza ukuba zisondele kakhulu futhi zibe sengozini.
Ukuhlaselwa ngokomzimba okuvula kabusha impikiswano ngokuphepha kwe-cyber kwe-drone
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu ngecala le-FlyTrap ukuthi lihilela ukuhlaselwa ngokomzimba ngokumelene nama-algorithms okuqondaAkuyona into yokungena ngedijithali. Akukho ukugenca kwe-firmware, akukho ukufinyelela kwesistimu ekude, futhi akukho ukuphazamiseka kwezokuxhumana komsakazo. Konke kwenzeka ezweni langempela, phambi kwekhamera ye-drone.
Lezi zinhlobo zobuthakathaka, ezaziwa ngokuthi ukuhlaselwa okuphambene ngokomzimba, zibonisa ukuthi Ukuphepha kwezinhlelo ze-AI Kudlula kakhulu isofthiwe yokulawula kanye namanethiwekhi edatha. Uma i-algorithm echaza iqiniso ingakhohliswa amaphethini abonakalayo endaweni ezungezile, isixhumanisi esibuthakathaka singaba yinto encane njengephethini yesambulela.
Endabeni ye-FlyTrap, iphethini yenzelwe ngqo ukusetshenziswa ukushiyeka endleleni amanethiwekhi ezinzwa abala ngayo ukunyakaza kanye nebanga eliya kumuntu okuqondiwe kuye. Esikhundleni sokufihla umuntu, ukuqonda kuyashintshwa ukuze i-drone ikholwe ukuthi umuntu uyahamba.
Le ndlela igcizelela ukuthi izindlela zokuphepha ezijwayelekile—ukubethela kokuxhumana, ukuqinisekiswa okuqinile, izilawuli zokufinyelela—azanele ukuvikela Uhlelo lwe-UAS olunemisebenzi ezimeleKubalulekile futhi ukuqinisa ukuqina kwama-algorithms okubona ikhompyutha ngokumelene namaphethini okubona anonya.
Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwama-drone asebenzisa i-AI kusabalala kakhulu izindawo zasemadolobheni, ingqalasizinda ebalulekile kanye nemisebenzi yamaphoyisaUkungazinaki lezi zinhlobo zezingozi kungavula ithuba lezehlakalo ezinkulu. Akukhona nje ngomuntu odubula i-drone yezentengiselwano, kodwa mayelana namasu afanayo asetshenziswa ezimweni zokuzwela okukhulu kweqhinga.
Izicelo zokuzivikela kanye nemikhawulo yendlela yesambulela
Ngokombono womphakathi, ukutholakala kwe-UC Irvine nakho kunikeza ithuba elingenzeka ithuluzi lokuzivikela elingabizi kakhuluUmuntu olandelwa yi-drone kwimodi yokulandelela ezenzakalelayo, ngokombono, angasebenzisa isambulela esinephethini ye-FlyTrap ukuze adonse idivayisi futhi ayinciphise, njalo ngaphakathi kwemingcele esemthethweni yezwe lakubo.
Lokhu kungenzeka kuvula ingxoxo mayelana ilungelo lokuzivikela ekuqaphelweni emoyeniIkakhulukazi ezimweni zokuhlukunyezwa, ubunhloli, noma ukungena ngokungemthetho empilweni yangasese. Uma sibhekene nobuchwepheshe bokuqapha obubonakala bungatholakali kumuntu ovamile, into elula njengesambulela iba uhlobo lwesinyathelo sokuzivikela esifinyelelekayo.
Kodwa-ke, ithimba locwaningo ngokwalo lixwayisa ngokuthi i-FlyTrap akuyona isixazululo somlingo esisebenza kunoma iyiphi i-droneUkusebenza kwayo kuncike kudivayisi esebenzisa ama-algorithm athile okulandelela asekelwe embonweni wekhompyutha kanye nemodi yokulandelela ezenzakalelayo evuselelwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphinda iphethini ngaphandle kokuqonda okujulile ukuthi amanethiwekhi e-neural acubungula kanjani izithombe kungase kungabi nemiphumela efanayo. Ukuphrinta nje umklamo oheha amehlo bese ulindela ukuthi usebenze akwanele: impumelelo yale ndlela ikwi- ukwenziwa ngcono kwezibalo kanye nokuhlolwa kwephethini yesithombe.
Uhlaka lwezomthetho kumele lucatshangelwe futhi: ukudubula phansi noma ukubamba i-drone kungalawulwa noma kungavinjelwa, kuye ngezwe kanye nohlobo lomsebenzi owenziwa yidivayisi. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma iyiphi indlela yokunciphisa ijubane, noma ngabe ilula kangakanani, kubalulekile... qonda imithetho yomoya kanye nobumfihlo zamanje.
Okusobala ukuthi lolu hlobo locwaningo luwusizo abakhiqizi nabalawuli abacindezelayo Uma kukhulunywa ngokuthuthukisa amazinga okuphepha, kokubili ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi kwama-drone nokuvimbela ukuthi angasetshenziswa kalula ngento ebonakalayo.
Uma sibheka konke, icala le-FlyTrap libonisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-drones ezizimele abuwenzi angengenwa yilutho. isambulela esinephethini efaneleKuhlanganiswe nokuqonda okuhle kokuthi ubuhlakani bokwenziwa obusebhodini "bubona" ​​kanjani umhlaba, kungashintsha ukuhamba nje emvuleni kube yisimo esibi kakhulu se-drone ebicabanga ukuthi inakho konke okungaphansi kokulawula.
