La Ubuchwepheshe be-Quantum buguqula indlela esibheka ngayo umhlaba ongabonakali kakhuluLokho okwabonakala njengendaba yesayensi eminyakeni embalwa edlule - ukubona amangqamuzana aphilayo ngemininingwane eminingi ngaphandle kokuwalimaza, ukulandela ukuhamba kokukhanya okubanjwe kukristalu, noma ukuthwebula izithombe zama-athomu ngalinye - sekuqala ukuba yinto evamile emalabhorethri ahamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngibonga okusha ama-microscope e-quantum akwazi ukunqoba imikhawulo yakudala yesisombululoOsosayensi baphula izithiyo ezichaze imikhawulo yalokho okungenzeka iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Kusukela ku-optical microscopy yamangqamuzana aphilayo asekelwe kuma-photon ahlanganisiwe kuya kuma-quantum simulators amagesi abandayo kanye nama-microscope e-electron angu-4D, umgomo ofanayo ucacile: ukukhipha ulwazi oluningi ngokukhanya okuncane noma imithamo ephansi yemisebe, nokubona izakhiwo ezazingabonakali ngokoqobo ngaphambilini.
Umkhawulo wesinqumo esijwayelekile nokuthi kungani ukukhanya okuvamile kunganele
Ku-microscope evamile yokukhanya, Ikhono lokuhlukanisa imininingwane emincane linqunyelwe ubude bokukhanya lokho kusetshenziswa. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, izakhiwo ezinobukhulu obucishe bube yisigamu salobo bude besikhathi ezingaxazululwa.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo okujwayelekile, kukhona iphuzu lapho Awukwazi ukuqhubeka uthuthukisa isixazululo ngokumane wengeze ukukhuliswa okwengeziwe.Singasondela, yebo, kodwa imininingwane iqala ukufiphala ngoba imvelo yokukhanya efana namagagasi isebenza njengophahla olubonakalayo.
Enye indlela esobala yokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa ukukhanya okunobude besikhathi obufushanenjenge-violet noma ngisho ne-ultraviolet (UV). Uma ubude be-wavelength bufushane, kulapho imininingwane encane i-microscope engayihlukanisa khona. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuza nobuthakathaka obubalulekile: le misebe ithwala amandla amaningi futhi ingakwazi ukulimaza noma ukubulala amangqamuzana aphilayo nama-molecule abuthakathaka, into engamukeleki kusayensi yebhayoloji yamaseli, kwezokwelapha, noma ezivivinyweni eziningi ezinembile kakhulu.
Abacwaningi bebelokhu bebhekene naleli bhalansi iminyaka eminingi: Uma ukukhanya kuncipha ukuze kugwenywe ukuthosa isampula, isithombe siba nomsindo.Ilahlekelwa ukuqhathanisa kanye nemininingwane ebalulekile. Uma ukuqina kukhushulwa kakhulu noma kusetshenziswa imisebe enamandla kakhulu, isampula ithola umonakalo ongenakulungiseka. Yilapho imibono ye-quantum physics iqala khona ukusebenza.
Ama-optics avamile ayahluleka uma ezama ukulinganisa ukukhanya okuphansi, ukuzwela okuphezulu, kanye nesisombululo esibi kakhulu. Kulesi simo, ukusetshenziswa kwe ukukhanya kwe-quantum okulungiselelwe ngokucophelela, njengemibhangqwana yama-photon ahlanganisiweKusivumela ukuthi sigweme eminye yale mikhawulo futhi sivule iwindi elisha ngokuphelele emhlabeni we-micro kanye ne-nano.
Phakathi kwesenzo "esisabekayo" kanye nesithombe esiphelele: ukuxhunywa kwe-quantum
Esinye sezimo eziphawuleka kakhulu kwifiziksi yanamuhla yi- i-quantum entanglementNgokusho kwe-quantum mechanics, izinhlayiya ezimbili zingaba nobudlelwano obuseduze kangangokuthi isimo sesinye sixhunyaniswe nesesinye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwazo lingakanani. U-Albert Einstein uchaze lokhu ngokuthi "isenzo esithusayo esikude" ngoba sasingqubuzana nokuqonda kwakudala kanye nalokho okushiwo yinkolelo-mbono yakhe yokuhlobana kwezinto.
Uma kubhekwa i-microscopy, lokhu kuxhunyaniswa kuhunyushwa ku- ama-photon amabili ahlanganisiwe, aziwa ngokuthi ama-biphotonNgokombono we-quantum, i-biphoton iziphatha cishe njengenhlayiya eyodwa ehlanganisiwe emandla ayo acishe abe kabili kune-photon ngayinye.
I-Quantum mechanics isikhumbuza lokho Zonke izinhlayiya zinohlamvu olufana negagasiKulo mongo, ubude be-wavelength buhlobene ngokuphambene nomfutho: lapho umfutho umkhulu, ubude be-wavelength bufushane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, njengoba i-biphoton inomfutho osebenza kahle kakhulu, ubude bayo obusebenzayo bucishe bube yisigamu yama-photon akhululekile okwakhiqizwa ngawo.
Lokhu kuxhumana kwamagagasi nezinhlayiya kuyathakazelisa ngoba, uma singenza imakroskopu isebenze njengokungathi isebenzisa ukukhanya okunobude besikhathi obulingana nengxenyeSingabona imininingwane emincane kabili ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imisebe enamandla kakhulu noma enamandla kakhulu kumaseli.
Lokhu kusetshenziswa okuhlakaniphile kwe-quantum entanglement kuvula umnyango wamasu okuthi, ngokubamba ama-photon ngamandla athambile (isibonelo, ubude bama-nanometer angu-400 kububanzi be-violet), Zifinyelela ukucaca okufana nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, kodwa isikhathi esifushane kakhulu., ngomyalo wama-nanometer angu-200, kodwa ngaphandle kokubhubhisa isampula.
I-Quantum coincidence microscopy (QMC): ukuphinda kabili isinqumo ngaphandle kokuthosa amaseli
Iqembu labacwaningi abavela I-California Institute of Technology (Caltech) usungule indlela ebizwa ngokuthi I-Quantum Concidence Microscopy (QMC)Le ndlela, echazwe kumagazini i-Nature Communications ngokuthi “i-quantum cell microscopy emkhawulweni we-Heisenberg”, ithembisa ukuphinda kabili ukucaca okutholakalayo nge-microscope evamile yokukhanya.
Umqondo oyinhloko we-QMC ukusebenzisa amandla ama-photon amabili ahlangene ukuze akhe ama-biphotonLawa ma-biphoton asebenza njengento eyodwa enomfutho ophindwe kabili, ngakho-ke, ubude be-wavelength obufushane obusebenzayo. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo olusebenzisa ukukhanya okungu-400 nm (emaphethelweni e-violet) lungafinyelela isinqumo esifana nesokukhanya okungu-200 nm (ku-ultraviolet egcwele), ngenkathi lugcina amandla abekwe kusampula ezingeni elilawuleka kakhulu.
Utitjhere Lihong Wang, uprofesa wezobunjiniyela bezokwelapha kanye nobunjiniyela kagesi eCaltech kanye nombhali oholayo walo msebenzi, ukufingqa ngemifanekiso: amangqamuzana “awahambisani” nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, kodwa uma sikhanyisa nge-400 nm futhi sifinyelela umphumela ofanayo wokuxazululwa njengoba kunjalo nge-200 nm, Amaseli "ayajabula" futhi i-microscope iyaqhubeka nokuthola imininingwane..
Le ndlela ixazulula inkinga yakudala ngokuzumayo: Akudingeki ukusebenzisa ukukhanya okunamandla kakhulu ukuze ubone izakhiwo ezincane kakhulu.Ngokulawula ukuxhunywa kwe-quantum kanye nendlela okulinganiswa ngayo ukufana phakathi kwama-photon abhangqiwe, uhlelo lwe-QMC luvumela i-microscope ukuthi ithole okuningi ku-photon ngayinye ngaphandle kokwandisa umonakalo ongaba khona kumasampula aphilayo.
Ngokungafani nama-microscope endabuko, athwebula kuphela imininingwane yento efana nobukhulu obufana nengxenye yobude bokukhanya okusetshenzisiwe, i-QMC Ikuvumela ukuthi ubone izakhiwo ezincane kakhulu ngokusebenzisa izibani ezingalimazi kakhuluFuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ikwenza lokho ngokulungiselelwa kokuhlola, ngokusho kwabadali bayo, okuvele kuyisistimu esebenzayo hhayi nje ukuboniswa kwelebhu okwenziwa kanye kuphela.
Indlela i-QMC esebenza ngayo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Ukuze lo mbono uphile, ithimba leCaltech lakha uhlelo idivayisi yokukhanya lapho i-laser ikhanya khona kukristalu ekhethekileLe kristalu iklanyelwe ukuguqula ingxenye encane yama-photon athintekile abe ama-pair axhumene, ama-biphoton. Okwamanje, ukusebenza kahle kuphansi kakhulu (ngokulandelana kwe-photon eyodwa ngesigidi), kodwa abacwaningi sebevele basebenza ekuthuthukiseni lelo zinga.
Uma sekwenziwe, lawa ma-biphoton Zihlukanisa ngokusebenzisa izibuko, amalensi, nama-prismukuze ama-photon amabili awenzayo alandele izindlela ezahlukene. Elinye lawo lidlula esampula esifuna ukulibona (libizwa ngokuthi i-signal photon) kanti elinye alidluli esampula (yi-photon engasebenzi noma engasebenzi).
Womabili ama-photon abe eseqhubeka nendlela yawo ngokusebenzisa i-optics yesistimu aze afike ku-detector exhunywe kukhompyutha. Icebo liwukuthi ikhompyutha Akugcini nje ngokubala ama-photon ngamanye, kodwa kunalokho kubalwa ukuhlangana phakathi kwama-photon amabili abambene.Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, isithombe sesampula sakhiwa kabusha, kusetshenziswa imvelo ehlangene yalezi zibili.
Okumangazayo ukuthi, naphezu kokuthatha imizila ehlukene uma umuntu esedlule esitokisini noma kolunye uhlobo lwento, Ama-photon agcina ukunamathela kwawo futhi aziphatha njenge-biphoton. ngenkathi kutholwa. Uhlelo lusebenzisa lokhu kubumbana kwe-quantum ukuze lonke liziphathe sengathi linengxenye yobude be-wavelength.
Nakuba amanye amaqembu ayesephumelele kakade ekutholeni izithombe ezinama-biphoton, ithimba likaWang ligomela ngokuthi lokhu kungokokuqala ukusethwa okunemininingwane emincane okubonisa uhlelo olusebenzayo noluphindaphindwayoBathuthukise inkolelo-mbono eqinile yokuchaza inqubo, indlela yokulinganisa ukuxinana ngokushesha nangokunembile, futhi babonise ukuthi iwusizo kumasampula angempela ezinto eziphilayo.
Buka amaseli aphilayo ngemininingwane eminingi futhi ngomonakalo omncane
Ithimba leCaltech lisebenzise i-quantum microscope yalo ukuze thola izithombe zamaseli omdlavuzaNgenxa yesisombululo esithuthukisiwe, bakwazile ukuhlonza ngokucacile izakhiwo zangaphakathi ezahlukahlukene ezazingenakuxazululwa yi-microscope yakudala, enokukhanya okufanayo kanye nomthamo.
Into egqame kakhulu ukuthi Amaseli awazange alimale noma abhujiswe ngesikhathi senqubongoba imisebe esetshenzisiwe yayingenamandla kakhulu. Umlingo ulele endleleni ulwazi lwe-quantum oluthwalwa yi-biphoton olusetshenziswa ngayo, hhayi "ekuqhumiseni" iseli ngama-photon anolaka kakhulu.
Le ndlela ibhekwa njengentuthuko ethembisayo kakhulu Ucwaningo lwezithombe zezokwelapha kanye nezokwelaphaUkukwazi ukufunda amangqamuzana aphilayo, izicubu, noma ngisho nama-microorganism abuthakathaka ngezinga lokuxazululwa eliseduze nomkhawulo obekwe yi-quantum physics (okuthiwa umkhawulo we-Heisenberg) ngaphandle kokuwabhubhisa kuvula umnyango wokuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni, ukuqapha okungcono kokwelashwa, kanye nokuqonda okungcono kwezinqubo ezibalulekile zezinto eziphilayo.
Uma sibheka phambili, abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka sebenzisa ama-photon angaphezu kwamabili ahlanganisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe kakhulu ukuxazululwa kwesinqumo futhi kwenziwe ngcono ubuchwepheshe ukuze kuncishiswe umsindo wangemuva ohlotshaniswa nokusebenzisana kwama-photon nendawo ezungezile. Ukuthuthukiswa ngakunye kuzokwandisa ikhwalithi nokunemba kwezithombe ezitholiwe.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kubeka isisekelo sezinhlelo zokusebenza emikhakheni efana ukubala kwe-quantum, i-cryptography, noma ukwakheka kwezinto ezintshalapho ikhono lokuhlukanisa izakhiwo ku-nanoscale ngaphandle kokuzilimaza liyigolide elicwengekile.
Ama-microscope egesi ye-quantum: ama-athomu aqandisayo futhi awabuke ngalinye ngalinye
Okwamanje, eYurophu kuye kwenziwa intuthuko kwenye ingxenye ehambisanayo: ama-microscope e-quantum amagesi e-ultracold. Isibonelo esiwuphawu i-QUIONE, ithuthukiswe yi-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (ICFO) e-Castelldefels, eyethulwa kumagazini we-PRX Quantum.
I-QUIONE isebenza njenge- "i-quantum simulator" epholisa ama-athomu e-strontium afike emazingeni okushisa aseduze no-zero opheleleIwahlela abe yinethiwekhi yokukhanya futhi iwavumele ukuthi abonwe ngawodwana, cishe njengokungathi angamaqanda abekwe emigodini yebhokisi, kodwa esikalini se-athomu.
Ngokwesiko, ama-microscope egesi ye-quantum ayesekelwe ku- ama-athomu e-alkali njenge-lithium noma i-potassiumokulula kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa. Ukuletha i-strontium—i-athomu yomhlaba ye-alkaline ene-spectrum eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu—esimisweni se-quantum kuvula umnyango wokulingisa izinto ezingavamile kakhulu kanye nezigaba zezinto.
Uhlelo lulandelayo: izinga lokushisa legesi ye-strontium lehliswa libe amanani aphansi kakhulu ama-millisecond ambalwa, okubangela ama-athomu ukuba yehlisa ijubane cishe ngokuphelele bese ubhajwa enetheni yokukhanyauhlobo "lwegridi" lokukhanya olukhiqizwa ngama-laser. Indawo ngayinye kugridi isebenza njengomthombo wamandla amancane lapho, ngamathuba aphezulu, i-athomu izohlala khona.
Ngenxa yalolu hlelo, ithimba likwazile thola izithombe ze-athomu nge-athomu kanye nokufunda izenzakalo ezifana nokugeleza ngokweqile, lapho igesi ye-strontium igeleza khona ngaphandle kokugqwala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquguquka kwama-athomu, "agxuma" esuka kwenye indawo aye kwenye elathini ngaphandle kokudinga ukunqoba izithiyo zakudala, kubonisa ngqo okudumile umphumela we-quantum tunneling.
I-QUIONE njengeprosesa ye-analog quantum kanye nelebhu yezinto ezintsha
I-QUIONE akuyona nje i-microscope: empeleni, iyi- iprosesa ye-analog quantumNgokulungisa ukuma kwe-lattice ye-optical, ubukhali bama-laser, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-athomu, kanye neminye imingcele, abacwaningi bangakwazi "ukuhlela" uhlelo ukuze linganisa ukuziphatha kwezinto zangempela eziyinkimbinkimbikodwa endaweni elawulwa kakhulu.
Lokhu kusenza sikwazi ukuphendula imibuzo enzima, isibonelo, Kungani izinto ezithile ziqhuba ugesi ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa? (i-superconductivity) emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, noma ukuthi ama-electron ahlelwe kanjani ngezigaba ze-topological ezingakaqondakali kahle.
Ithuba lokufunda amagesi e-strontium ngokunemba okunjalo, kusetshenziswa i-microscope ye-quantum yalolu hlobo, lenza i-QUIONE ithuluzi eliyisu lokuthuthukiswa kwamakhompyutha e-quantum esikhathi esizayo kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhambisanayo. I-Strontium ikhanga kakhulu ekwakheni amawashi e-athomu anembe kakhulu kanye nama-processor e-quantum aqinile, ngakho-ke ukuba nedivayisi evumela ukuthi ilawulwe futhi ibonwe ngeso lengqondo esikalini se-athomu eyodwa kuyinto yokunethezeka yesayensi yangempela.
Abacwaningi abanjengoLeticia Tarruell kanye nethimba lakhe baveza ukuthi Lolu hlobo lokulingisa i-quantum luzosiza ekuhlukaniseni izinhlelo ezincane kakhulu eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, enikeza izinkomba zendlela yokuklama izinto ezintsha ezinezakhiwo ezenzelwe wena, kusukela kuma-superconductor athuthukisiwe kuya kuma-insulator e-topological.
Ngakho-ke, sizithola sinomndeni wama-microscope e-quantum angabonisi nje kuphela umhlaba, kodwa futhi awudale kabusha ngendlela encane ukuze awuqonde kangcono, into eyayibonakala igcinelwe amamodeli enkolelo-mbono kuze kube muva nje.
Ukukhanya kwe-quantum okuphansi kakhulu: iphrojekthi yaseYurophu i-Q-MIC
Okunye ukubheja okunamandla ku- I-Quantum microscopy ivela kuphrojekthi yaseYurophu i-Q-MICLo msebenzi, oholwa kakhulu yi-ICFO kanye nabalingani abavela e-Italy naseJalimane, ubulokhu uqhubeka kusukela ngo-2018 ukuthuthukisa imakroskopu ekwazi ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-quantum okunamandla aphansi kakhulu ukuthola izithombe ezinensimu ebanzi yombono, ukuzwela okuphezulu, kanye nesisombululo esingcono kunemakroskopu akudala.
Idivayisi ye-Q-MIC ihlukile ngoba yenzelwe ngqo khanyisa isampula ngamabhangqa ama-photon ahlanganisiweEsikhundleni sokukhanya okuvamile okwakhiwa ama-photon amaningi angahlelekile, i-photon ngayinye iphethe inani elihlobene kakhulu lolwazi, okuvumela ukuthi imininingwane eyengeziwe ikhishwe ngemisebe encane kakhulu.
Ezisetshenzisweni lapho isampula ibucayi kakhulu—isibonelo, amaprotheni athile, amagciwane, ama-molecule, noma izicubu eziphilayo—ezine- ukukhanya okunamandla aphansi okungeke konakalise ukuhlolwa Kubalulekile. Inkinga, njengenjwayelo, ukuthi ukunciphisa ubukhali kwandisa umsindo ohlobene esithombeni, okuvame ukufiphaza umphumela.
I-Q-MIC inqoba lesi sithiyo ngokusebenzisa amaphethini okuphazamiseka akhiqizwa ama-photon ahlanganisiweEsikhundleni sokumane urekhode ukuthi mangaki ama-photon afinyelela ku-pixel ngayinye, ikhamera ithola ama-photon afanayo adlula ohlelweni lwe-optical bese iwasampula, futhi lolo lwazi lusetshenziselwa ukwakha kabusha isithombe kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms ezibalo athuthukile.
Ngenxa yale ndlela, abacwaningi bakhombisile ukuthi kungenzeka ukunciphisa umsindo nokwandisa ukuzwela kokulinganisa ngaphezu kuka-25% uma kuqhathaniswa namasu akudala, ukugcina imithamo elula ingaphansi kakhulu kwamazinga ajwayelekile.
Ukuphazamiseka, amapuleti e-Savart kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwezithombe
Inhliziyo ebonakalayo ye-Q-MIC ifaka isethi ye Amapuleti e-Savartamakristalu e-birfingent akwazi ukuhlukanisa umsebe wokukhanya ube imisebe emibili ene-polarizations ehlukene (evundlile neqondile) ehamba ngezindlela ezihlukile kancane, kanye nezinto eziqondisayo ezifana nalezo ezisetshenziswa ku izinhlelo ze-fiber optic.
Uma ama-photon amabili abambene edlula kulesi simiso, ama-Savart plates Bahlukanisa izindlela zabo bese beziqondisa esibonelweniUma isampula iyisicaba ngokuphelele futhi ifana, izindlela ze-photon zihlala zifana cishe. Kodwa uma kukhona ukwehluka kobukhulu, inkomba yokukhanya, noma ezinye izici, umehluko wesigaba uyavela, okuthi lapho imisebe ihlangana kabusha, kubangele amaphethini okuphazamiseka okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Ikhamera ye-microscope ayilinganisi amazinga okuqina kokukhanya ngendlela evamile, kodwa kunalokho uqopha ukuhlangana kwe-photon ezindaweni ezahlukene emkhakheni wokubuka. Ngokuphinda inqubo izikhathi eziningi, iphethini yokuphazamiseka kwe-photon ezimbili iyaqoqana, ifaka ulwazi mayelana nesakhiwo esihle sesampula.
Ngosizo lwama-algorithm okwakha kabusha, asekelwe kumasu okucubungula izibalo kanye nezimpawu, ososayensi Baguqula lawo maphethini abe izithombe ezinemininingwanengaphandle kwesidingo sesistimu yokuskena ekhomba iphuzu. Lokhu kuvumela ukumboza amasimu okubukwa abanzi ngokuzwela okuphezulu kanye nesisombululo esihle, okuwusizo kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni izindawo kanye namasampula anwetshiwe.
Ukuqinisekisa intuthuko, bathathe isampula ejwayelekile yeprotheni A Isampula yabekwa kuslayidi yengilazi enamaseli alinganayo. Yaqala yakhanyiswa ngokukhanya kwendabuko kwabe sekukhanya kwe-quantum. Kwatholakala amaphethini okuphazamisa kuzo zombili izimo, futhi izithombe zakhiwa kabusha. Umphumela wawucacile: ngokukhanya kwe-quantum, isithombe sasibushelelezi kakhulu, sinomsindo omncane kanye nemiphetho yezakhiwo echazwe kangcono.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Q-MIC: kusukela ezintweni eziguquguqukayo kuya kumagciwane
Imiphumela ye-Q-MIC, eyanyatheliswa ku- Ukuthuthukiswa KwezesayensiBakwenza kucace ukuthi leli cebo lokukhanyisa i-quantum aliyona nje into ethakazelisayo. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilindelwe zifaka phakathi amasimu ahlukahlukene njenge... Isayensi yezinto zokwakha, ukuhlaziywa kwezindawo ezisobala ze-elekthronikhi eziguquguqukayo noma ukuhlolwa kwezimbozo ezithambile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono labo lokusebenza ne imithamo yokukhanya okuncane Lokhu kwenza kube yindawo efanelekile yokufunda ngezinto ezincane ezizwela kakhulu, njengezifo ezithile, kanye nama-molecule aphela kalula ngaphansi kokukhanya okukhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kucatshangelwa futhi ezindaweni i-quantum cryptography kanye nokuxhumana okuphephilelapho ukulawula kahle ama-photon abambene kubalulekile khona.
I-microscope ye-Q-MIC ikhombisa ukuthi, ngokusebenzisa kahle ukuxhuzula, singakwazi ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yolwazi olukhishwe yi-photon ngayinyeukunciphisa umsindo nokwandisa ukunemba ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwandisa umthamo wokukhanya.
Ngokuhambisana namasu e-Caltech ohlobo lwe-QMC, i-Q-MIC iqinisa umqondo wokuthi Uguquko olukhulu olulandelayo ku-microscopy lusekukhanyeni kwe-quantumhhayi nje ngokwakha ama-targets amakhulu noma ama-laser anamandla kakhulu.
I-4D quantum electron microscopy: ukubona ukukhanya okubanjwe kumakristalu e-photonic
Uguquko lwe-quantum ekuthathweni kwezithombe alugcini ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo noma kumagesi abandayo kakhulu. Kwa-Israyeli, abacwaningi abavela Ubuchwepheshe – Isikhungo Sobuchwepheshe Sakwa-Israyeli Bakhe a imakroskopu ye-electron ye-4D esheshayo kakhulu okuvumela ukubonwa okuqondile kokugeleza kokukhanya okuvaleleke ngaphakathi kwamakristalu e-photonic, into okwakungafundwa kuphela kuze kube manje ngokusebenzisa ukulingisa kwekhompyutha.
Lolu hlelo, oluchazwe okokuqala kumagazini i-Nature, lubhekwa njengenye yezinhlelo ama-microscope optical asezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu emhlabeniyize umongo wayo wezobuchwepheshe usekelwe ku-microscope ye-electron yokudlulisa esheshayo kakhulu enamakhono ahlukile.
Ithimba eliholwa nguSolwazi U-Ido Kaminer udale ipulatifomu yokuhlola lapho Ama-pulse okukhanya okufushane kakhulu (angaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-100 e-femto) avusa isampula Ama-electron pulses, asheshiswa abe ama-voltage aphakathi kuka-40 kV no-200 kV, ahlola isampula ukuze abambe isimo sayo sesikhashana. Ngamanye amazwi, isampula "iyakhanyiswa" futhi "ithathwe izithombe" ngama-electron ngezikhathi ezimfushane kakhulu.
Ngale ndlela yokucushwa, kungenzeka ukumaka ukusebenzisana phakathi kokukhanya okuvalelwe ezintweni ezincane (ezifana namakristalu e-photonic) nama-electron amahhala, ukufinyelela ulwazi mayelana nokuguquguquka kwamasimu okukhanya anesisombululo sendawo nesesikhathi esingakaze sibonwe ngaphambili.
Umphumela osebenzayo uwukuthi, okokuqala ngqa, ososayensi bangakwazi qaphela ngqo ukuthi ukukhanya kuziphatha kanjani lapho kubhajwe futhi kuqondiswa ezakhiweni ze-photonicEsikhundleni sokuphetha ngokuthi lokhu kususelwa kumamodeli kanye nokulingisa kuphela, lokhu kuvula insimu entsha yokuklama izinto ze-quantum namadivayisi e-photonic anezakhiwo ezilungiselelwe, isibonelo, ukugcina ama-quantum bits (ama-qubit) ngokuqina okukhulu.
Amaphakethe wamagagasi e-electron wamahhala kanye nezimo ezintsha ze-quantum
Isisekelo salokhu kuthuthuka yi-physics ye- ukusebenzisana okusheshayo phakathi kwama-electron amahhala nokukhanyaNgokwesiko, i-quantum electrodynamics (QED) iye yafunda ukuthi izinto ze-quantum—ama-athomu, amachashazi e-quantum, amasekethe e-superconducting, njll.—zisebenzisana kanjani nezindlela zokukhanya ezivalelwe emgodini. Kuyisisekelo somqondo sobuchwepheshe obuningi be-quantum bamanje.
Kodwa-ke, kulezo zinhlelo ama-electron aboshwe kanye nezimo zabo zamandla, ububanzi be-spectral, kanye nemithetho yokukhetha kunqunyelwe kakhulu. Intuthuko yakamuva igxile kwenye into: i- amaphakethe we-quantum wave wama-electron amahhalaNgokungafani nama-electron aboshwe, lawa maphakethe angadlula ububanzi bamandla futhi ahlole ukusebenzisana okuhlukahlukene kakhulu.
Inkinga kwakuwukuthi, naphezu kwezibikezelo eziningi zemfundiso yenkolo zemiphumela ethakazelisayo emihumeni ye-photonic yama-electron akhululekile, Akekho owayekwazile ukubona lezi zenzakalo ngokusobala, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa okuyisisekelo emandleni nasebudeni bokuxhumana phakathi kwama-electron nokukhanya okuvalekile.
I-Technion microscope iyawunqoba lo mbandela, ivumela ukurekhoda amamephu e-optical aseduze nensimu usebenzisa uhlobo lwe-quantum lwama-electron ngqoUbufakazi obubalulekile ukubonwa kokuguquguquka kohlobo lweRabi ku-electronic spectrum, ukuziphatha okungenakuchazwa yimibono yakudala kuphela.
Ukuxhumana kwama-electron okungena-photon okusebenza kahle kakhulu okuhlolwayo ngalolu hlelo kungaholela ukuhlanganiswa okuqinile, ukwakheka kwe-photon ezimweni ezikhethekile ze-quantum, kanye nezimo ezingezona eziqondile Konke lokhu kungazuzisa kokubili i-electron microscopy (isibonelo, ngokusebenza ngemithamo ephansi ezintweni ezibucayi) kanye neminye imikhakha ye-free electron physics.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwazi olutholiwe luzosiza Thuthukisa ukucaca kanye nokungafani kombala ezikrinini zamanje, njengalezo ezisekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-QLED (amachashazi e-quantum), sezivele ziklama izinto ezifanayo ze-nano/quantum ezivumela incazelo enkulu yesithombe.
Uma kuhlanganiswa, ingqikithi yale migqa yocwaningo—i-QMC eCaltech, i-Q-MIC eYurophu, i-QUIONE, kanye ne-microscope ye-4D ye-Technion—idweba isithombe lapho I-Microscopy iba yisifundo esijulile se-quantumikwazi ukubonisa, ukulawula, ngisho nokulingisa izinto ngezikali ezaziyiphupho nje elingokwengqondo.
Yonke le ecosystem ye ama-microscope amasha e-quantum Lokhu kuphawula iphuzu lokuguquka: akusekho nje ngokubona okuncane, kodwa ngokubona ngendlela ehlukile, ukusebenzisa izinto ezifana nokubanjwa, ukugoqana, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezinhlayiya eziningi ukuze kukhishwe ulwazi olungenakucatshangwa emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule. Njengoba lobu buchwepheshe bukhula futhi budlula ilebhu, kulindeleke ukuthi buguqule ezokwelapha, izinto zikagesi, isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye, kabanzi, ukuqonda kwethu amazinga angaphakathi eqiniso.
