Endaweni yekhompyutha kubalulekile ukwazi ukusetshenziswa kwe- Perl ngolimi lokuhlelaLokhu kuveze intuthuko enkulu kuyo, kuyadingeka ukwazi ngayo ngokuningiliziwe, ngakho-ke amaphuzu aqokiwe azogqanyiswa kulolu lwazi.
Idizayinwe nguLarry Wall ngolimi lohlelo
Perl ngolimi lokuhlela
El Perl ngolimi lokuhlela Kuyithuluzi elidingekayo lokwenziwa kwezinhlelo ezisekelweni, ezinikeza ukusebenza kokuthola ulwazi, ngokusebenzisa ikhodi esetshenziswayo ukuze ikwazi ukuhumusha imininingwane ngayinye, kubalulekile ukubhekelela lokho sebenzisa it Kufanele ube notolika, futhi futhi lokhu kukhululekile ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke akukho bunzima obedlula lobu.
Kulezi zinsuku isetshenziswa kabanzi, ukusebenza ekuhlinzekela abasebenzisi kukhulu kakhulu, lokhu kubheka nezenzo zokuphatha, ukuthuthukiswa kwepulatifomu nokukhohlisa, okukuvumela ukuthi kube lusizo kakhulu, kube okunye okubaluleke kakhulu okufanele kubhekelwe, akunzima ukusebenzisa iPerl ngolimi lohlelo.
historia
Ukwenziwa kukaPerl kwenziwa nguLarry Wall, owaqala umsebenzi wakhe kusukela ngo-1987, njengoba enza izifundo wasungula izinguqulo ezintsha, ngendlela yokuthi uPerl olimini oluhlelayo wayesabalele kakhulu, ngoba yaboniswa njengoPerl 2, Perl 3, ngonyaka we-1988 nowe-1989 ngokulandelana, lapho kwethulwa khona isici esisha sokusetshenziswa kwedatha kanambambili.
Ngokunikezwa kokuqala kweminyaka yama-90s, uPerl ngolimi oluhlelwayo wakhonjiswa ngendlela elula kakhulu, ebingasetshenziswa ngesandla, ngo-1991 uPerl 4 wakhonjiswa, kusungulwa ukusetshenziswa kolimi ngokushicilelwa kwe-Programming Perl., Le nguqulo entsha kwakubaluleke kakhulu ngoba manje wengeza ukusetshenziswa kwale ncwadi noma lolu hlelo, futhi kwakuyindlela yakhe yokuyikhomba.
Ukusuka kulokhu uPerl waqala ukwethula izibuyekezo ezingaguquguquki enguqulweni yayo yesine, efinyelela kulokho okwaziwa ngokuthi yiPerl 4.036, kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwalokho iWall yaqala inguqulo yesihlanu kusukela ngo-1994, inokubaluleka okukhulu ngoba yayinethuba lokuzivumelanisa namapulatifomu ahlukene futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, lezo zinguquko, ukumiswa kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kungenziwa ngumsebenzisi.
Mayelana nolimi lulonke, le nguqulo entsha ibibandakanya izinto ezahlukahlukene, amamojula, okuyizimpawu ezenze ukuthi ivelele, bese benendlela yokwandisa ngenxa yalezi zindawo ezintsha, ezavumela ingqikithi ukuba izinze futhi ingalethi imikhawulo yokwengeza ezintsha izakhi.
Phakathi kwezengezo ezifanele kakhulu bekukhona ukufakwa kwe-CPAN, okuyinhlanganisela yamapulatifomu anesibopho sokusabalalisa i-Perl, ngokusebenzisa amamojula ahlukahlukene, imibhalo, ngakho-ke, ukuze ukwazi ukuya kulowo nalowo kubo kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ikheli lakho le-URL , nokho, njengamanje lokhu kuxhumeka kungalethwa ngokuzenzakalela, ngakho-ke inqubo ayinzima.
Kugqanyisiwe ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2008 uPerl ngolimi lwesihlanu lohlelo oluqhubekayo lusetshenzisiwe, ngoba zonke izici ezintsha enazo zilusizo ezinhlelweni, kubhekelwa izesekeli ezisiza kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuhle.
Igama
Mayelana negama likaPerl olimini lokuhlela, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi yaqanjwa kanjani ekuqaleni kwayo, okokuqala kwaziwa njengePearl, kepha-ke, bekufiswa ukusungula igama elifushane, bekunezinketho eziningi, kepha bengifuna ukuhambisana nezidingo ezithile ezisungulwe kahle, okwakumele zihlanganise izinhlamvu ezintathu kuya kwezine kuphela, njengoba zazivele ziningi, uLarry Wall wanquma ukukhetha igama elithi Perl.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ucabangele ukuthi kufanele isetshenziswe kuqala ngofeleba "uPerl" lapho kukhulunywa ngqo ngolimi, uma lusetshenziswa ngegama eliphansi elithi "perl" lapho-ke kumane kubhekiswe ohlelweni, inketho eyiyo ngohlamvu olukhulu, njengoba njengoba ezintsha zazithuthukiswa izici, yayinezinto ezithuthukisiwe, ngakho-ke kwakudingeka ukuzigqamisa ngandlela thile futhi kube lula ukuhlukanisa.
https://youtu.be/tcVKzxOeOTg
Izici
Kubalulekile ukugqamisa izici ezifanele kakhulu zikaPerl olimini lokuhlela, phakathi kwazo kukhona amaphuzu alandelayo:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwayo akulula, kulula, ngendlela efanayo nendlela esetshenziswa ngayo, kuzoba lula, kubhekwa njengokusebenziseka okuphelele futhi okuphelele ngakho-ke akumele kube nezinkinga ezinkulu.
- Isebenza kahle kakhulu, ihlanganisa inani elikhulu lezenzo ezingenziwa, kepha kufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi kwezinye izimo kudingeka ijubane elikhulu.
- Ukudalwa kuyashesha impela, ngoba izenzo ezidla ngobuningi azisetshenziswanga.
- Uphawu lwayo yikamela, ngendlela yokuthi kuqondwe ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima linganikela ngakho konke ukufeza inhloso.
- Ingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zokusebenza.
- Inamandla amakhulu okukhuthazela maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwama-paradigms, noma kunjalo, akusho ukuthi iveza ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yini.
- Ukuze ukwenze, isenzo kumele senziwe ngqo kusuka ekusetshenzisweni kwemiyalo.
Uhlobo ngalunye lolimi lohlelo lubonisa izici ezithile ezivumela ukusebenza kwalo, ngakho-ke lokhu kungahluka ngandlela thile, sincoma ukuthi ufunde mayelana ulimi oluphakeme.
Umklamo
Idizayini eyethulwe nguPerl ihlobene nokunciphisa izindleko maqondana nokuthola i-hardware, okuvumela ukwanda kwezindleko zendawo yabasebenzi nokukwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokuthuthuka endaweni yezobuchwepheshe ngokujwayelekile, ngakho-ke, inhloso yalokho okwaklanyelwe uPerl leyo esetshenziswe kahle ukusebenzisa ama-programme okunzima ukuwathola ngenxa yezindleko zawo.
Inikeza izinketho eziningi ezenza umsebenzi wohlelo usebenze, phakathi kwazo okumele kubhekwe izici ezahlukahlukene zedivayisi, ngendlela yokuthi ukwakhiwa kolimi kungenziwa ngendlela elula, ngoba inhle kakhulu support kungenzeka ukusebenza komsebenzi.
Aplicaciones
Kunamaphuzu amaningi angahlangatshezwa ekusetshenzisweni kukaPerl ngolimi lohlelo, ngoba lunikeza ithuba eliphakeme lokusebenzisa amamojula ahlukahlukene, phakathi kokuvelele kunamaphuzu alandelayo:
- Isetshenziselwa ukubhala imibhalo yohlobo lwe-CGI.
- Dala amapulatifomu ewebhu kanye nentuthuko yawo efanele, njenge-Amazon, iThikithi Master namanye.
- Isetshenziselwe iligi yezinhlelo ezingadalwanga ngenhloso ethile, ngakho-ke zenza ushintsho lwedatha.
- Ukusetshenziswa njalo ekuphathweni kohlelo.
- Endaweni ye-bioinformatics ebuye ihlanganise imisebenzi yezezimali, ngoba ikhombisa isivinini esikhulu sokuthuthuka, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza kalula.
- Phatha inani eliphezulu lemininingwane.
Ukuqaliswa
Kusungulwe njengomhumushi ekusebenzeni kwayo, ngoba inamamojula amaningi kuwo womabili ama-C noPerl, ngendlela yokuthi kwethulwe ukusatshalaliswa kwedatha okuvumela ukuthola imigqa yekhodi engahlanganiswa futhi yenziwe ku-hardware ethile, ku ngendlela yokuthi ukuhlanganiswa kungenziwa maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo, okusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwamamojula wokusabalalisa.
Ine-orientation ehlobene ngqo nezakhi zolimi, ezinjengohlu, isikali, amakhodi, ifayili nedatha yokukhwabanisa, ekhonjiswa ngesethulo esithile, ngokuvamile njengesakhiwo sohlobo C, esisebenza ngendlela esunguliwe, okungukuthi , zichazwe futhi zisebenza njengengxenye yePerl olimini lokuhlela.
Ukwenza kwe-Perl kusungulwa njengenqubo yokuhlanganisa kanye nenqubo yokwenza, ngasinye salezi zigaba sisebenzisa isikhathi esehlukile, esimweni sokuhlanganiswa, isenzo sokudlulisa imininingwane ngohlelo senzeka, esenziwa esihlahleni sokwenziwa, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi ukwenziwa kohlelo kwenziwa ngokubhekisele kule nto ebizwa ngesihlahla.
Kuyo yonke le nqubo, ukwenziwa lula nokwenziwa lula kwezinkulumo ezisetshenzisiwe kuyethulwa, okubandakanya konke ukusatshalaliswa kolwazi, amakhodi, kepha ngendlela efanayo kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi lezi zigaba ezimbili zingahlanganiswa, ngoba imisebenzi ichazelwe ukuthi isenzo senziwa ngqo, sihlobene nomunye, esimweni sokuhlanganiswa bekungaba "UKUQALA" nokwenziwa "EVAL".
Njengoba kucacisiwe phambilini, lolu limi lohlelo lusebenza kahle kakhulu, lunohlelo lolimi olufanele lokuxhumana namakhodi ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwawo, okubandakanya ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi ulimi lohlelo lukaPerl alunakunqunywa kusuka kuhlelo lucacile. kuma-parser, ngakho-ke, utolika owenza inqubo kumele azenzele owakhe umsizi.
Lokhu kungaba elinye lamaphuzu okushiywa kwawo okwethulwe yizinhlelo ezisetshenziselwa ukwehlukanisa uPerl, okwenzeka futhi ngabahlaziyi abathile, kulokhu, ukwenziwa kukaPerl kufanele kuqala kwenziwe ngendlela eyiyo, futhi kuholele ekwenzeni okufanele ukugcinwa, kepha lezi izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke amakhodi asetshenzisiwe anikezwe ngezinqubo ezilula.
Ukutholakala
Esinye sezici zikaPerl ukuthi ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kufanele kube namalayisense adingekayo, okuyi-GNU kanye neyobuciko, kubhekwe ukuthi le software yamahhala engasetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izinhlelo ezisebenzayo, kucatshangelwa lezo ezaziwa kakhulu, noma kunjalo, kuzo zonke zazo kungaba nezinguquko noma umehluko, okumele kubhekelwe ukuguquguquka kwazo.
I-GNU / Linux
Lokhu kusenqubo yokufaka kuqala kuzinhlelo ezinjengeLinux, SUSE, Mandriva, Debian, Gento, Slackware, RedHat nezinye eziningi, lokhu kufakiwe njengengxenye yezinhlelo ezisebenza kakhulu kubasebenzisi, ngendlela yokuthi ukutholakala kwazo ube mkhulu ngokusiza abantu.
Windows
Kuphakathi kwezinhlelo ezisebenza kakhulu ezinesidingo esikhulu kunazo zonke, labo abasebenzisa insiza yeMicrosoft bangenza ukufakwa kukaPerl ngolimi lokuhlela, bangayihlanganisa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ngoba isebenzisa amakhodi womthombo, ku ngendlela efanayo kufanele ibhekwe ukuthi kuzodingeka ukuthi kube nomhlanganisi we-C.
Isixhumi esibonakalayo sedatha
Phakathi kwamaphoyinti abaluleke kakhulu kaPerl, ukusebenza kwayo kuvuna i-database, ngaphezu kokukwazi ukuyisebenzisa kalula njengolwazi, okuvumela imibuzo yohlobo lwe-SQL ukuthi yenziwe kanye nokuphathwa okuhlukile okuzokuvumela ukuthi kucutshungulwe, ngakho-ke, izici ezahlukahlukene zingacatshangelwa ezisivumela ukuthi sibheke ubudlelwane bayo ne-database.
UPerl ukhombisa ezinhlotsheni zayo zokuqala isikhombimsebenzisi esihlobene ne-database, noma kunjalo, ibingasebenzi kahle, ngoba bekudingeka ukwenza i- "Perl" futhi lokhu kudale umkhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kwayo, ngoba kusetshenziswa eyodwa kuphela. ngaphezu kwalokho bekungenzeka ukwenza esinye isixhumanisi kepha bekuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke, lezi zinguqulo zisetshenziselwe izinqubo ezinolwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu oludinga ngempela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, enguqulweni yesihlanu kaPerl kunemodyuli yePerl DBI njengesibonisi esivumela okuphathelene nedatha, lokhu kufaka nemodyuli ebizwa nge- "DBI" esebenza kuphela ngezicelo zalolu limi lohlelo, olusebenza njenge isilawuli maqondana nezinhlobonhlobo zolwazi ezingatholakala.
Ukuqhathaniswa kokusebenza
Izinqubo zokuqhathanisa sethulwe maqondana nokuphazamiseka okunikezwa ukwenziwa kwezinhlelo ezisebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilimi, imaningi lapho kusetshenziswa i-Perl, lokhu kungadinga inkumbulo eyengeziwe yokusetshenziswa kolunye ulimi, kepha-ke, kuyehluka ngejubane elisebenza ngalo, kubhekwa ukuthi amacala akhona angafana kakhulu.
Enye yezinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangwe ukuthi uPerl angakhombisa isivinini esiphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilimi ezihlelayo, ngoba isebenza ngokuhlanganiswa kwekhodi, kuyinqubo eyenziwa njalo ngenkathi kwenziwa. inqubo yinde kakhulu, akufanele ukhathazeke ngokuthi kuzokwenzekani ngokweqile, kepha kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke amaphuzu wokuqhathanisa.
Ukuthuthukisa
Amaphuzu ahlukene okuthuthuka enziwe ngokwakhiwa kukaPerl ngolimi lohlelo, ngaphezu kwalokho kunikezwe izixazululo ezahlukahlukene, kepha, ngoba lokhu kungadingeka ukuthi ube nolwazi ngakho ukuze kube lula kakhulu, alikho ikhono elidingekayo ukusetshenziswa kwayo, kepha ngokusetshenziswa kwayo kungadingeka.
Ithuba lokusebenzisa ulimi lohlelo oluvumela ukwenziwa lusebenze kakhulu ekwenzeni izinqubo zohlelo.
I-Futuro
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, ukuthuthuka nokuthuthuka okuhle kukaPerl ngolimi lohlelo kukhonjisiwe, phakathi kwazo kunezici ezahlukahlukene eziqokonyiswayo, ngonyaka we-2000 ukuthuthuka kanye nezinguqulo zawo ezintsha zaqala ukucelwa, ngakho-ke ukuqaliswa kwalomsebenzi kungahle kube inguqulo yesithupha, kubhekwe kuyo imibono ehlukene neziphakamiso ezizosiza ukuthuthukisa izici zikaPerl.
Ngonyaka olandelayo kwathathwa isinqumo sokuthi le nguqulo izosebenza kusuka ku-Parrot, ibe yidivayisi ebonakalayo, kepha ifaka inketho yokuthi ezinye izilimi ezihlelayo zingasetshenziswa, ngendlela yokuthi izinga layo lokuthuthuka alihlukile kepha ingatholakala ndawonye, ​​okungenza yehluke kakhulu kunezinguqulo zangaphambilini.
Ngo-2005, u-Andrey Tang wenza uhlelo olubizwa nge-Pugs, okuyisiteji esizinikele ekuhloleni ulimi lohlelo lwe-Perl, oluzokwenza ukuthi abaqambi baluhlolisise, kube yinto ozoyenza njalo ozoyithola isebenza futhi ilusizo kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, kunezici eziningi ezibalulekile uPerl version 6 azivezayo, ezinye zazo zifana kakhulu nezinye, njengoHaskell, ukuba sezingeni eliphakeme lamandla, njengoba isikhathi sihamba kungukuthuthuka njalo, kugcizelela ukuthi ngo-2019 yasungulwa kodwa iqanjwe ngenye indlela ukugwema ukudideka, yabizwa ngoRaku.
Igama belihlukile ngoba belifana nhlobo nesihlanu, ngakho-ke bekungaba ngcono uma kungekho nkinga ebizosetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwayo, ngakho-ke bekuyisenzo esihle sendawo esetshenziswayo.
Kunezinketho eziningi zokuhlela ezinikezwa njengamanje, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi ngokugqame kakhulu, kunconywa ukuthi ufunde ngakho Uhlelo ku-phyton.