Ukwehlukaniswa kwemikhakha yokusetshenziswa kohlelo, kwaveza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilimi. Kulesi sihloko sizothola yini uhlelo oluqondiswe entweni futhi yiziphi izinhlobo zezilimi zokuhlela ezigxile entweni ezikhona. Dare ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho!
Izinhlelo eziqondiswe entweni
Ngokuvamile, ukwenza izinhlelo kudinga ulwazi lolimi oluphethe ukuthumela imiyalo kukhompyutha, kanye ne-algorithm eguqulwe yaba uhlelo, kepha yini uhlelo?
Ukuhlela kuyisethi yezenzo eziholela ekubhalweni kwekhodi, ekwazi ukufeza inhloso eyenzelwe yona. Ngokwengxenye yayo, a ikhodi yomthombo ukumelwa kwangaphakathi kohlelo noma isoftware, kanti uhlelo luyiqembu lama-oda alawula ukusebenza kwamakhompyutha.
Ngokuyisisekelo, uhlelo ludlula ezigabeni ezintathu: ukuhlelwa kohlelo ngolimi olufanele, ukuguqulwa kwekhodi yomthombo ibe yimiyalo yomshini, nokuxhumanisa phakathi kwamakhodi ento nemitapo yolwazi yokusebenza, okwenza ekugcineni, kulokho yaziwa njengekhodi elisebenzisekayo.
Uhlelo kumele lubhalwe ngolimi lohlelo oluyaqondakala kumsebenzisi. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, umqambi wohlelo kufanele asebenzise enye yama-paradigms amaningi wezinhlelo, anquma umbono futhi, ngakho-ke, ukukhetha izindlela ezizolandelwa ekwakhiweni kwayo.
Ama-paradigms wokuhlela
Ukuthuthuka kohlelo nobuchwepheshe kudale izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlela noma ama-paradigms. Lokhu-ke kuholele nasezitayeleni ezahlukahlukene zohlelo nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuxazulula izinkinga. Nawa ama-paradigms akhona:
I-paradigm engabalulekile
Ithi izinhlelo zilandelana ngokuqinile kwemiyalo kusuka phezulu kuye phansi, okuphazanyiswa kuphela ukufakwa kohlelo olungaphansi kwenye indawo kuyo.
Iparadigm eyakhiwe
Iphoqelela ukwakheka kwamakhodi okuqoqwe ngamabhulokhi ezinqubo nemisebenzi. Ikhodi ikhiqizwa kabusha ngendlela ye-loop, iphethwe yisizathu esizwakalayo.
Iparadigm yokumemezela
Akusunguli ukuhleleka okufanele kulandelwe ekwenzeni izenzo ezidingekayo ukuxazulula inkinga. Ngaphakathi kwalo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukanisiwe: i-paradigm esebenzayo, lapho inkinga nesisombululo kuchazwa khona njengemisebenzi, kanye ne-paradigm enengqondo, ngokuya ngesilandiso esinengqondo.
Iparadigm yohlelo lomcimbi
Kususelwa ekuphindaphindeni okungapheli ukuthola inkinga nokuthola ukuthi ingaxazululwa kanjani.
Ama-paradigms afanayo, asatshalaliswa kanyekanye
Ukufezekiswa kohlelo kudinga amayunithi amaningana wokubala. Imizila isebenza ngokuzimela kwamanye amayunithi wekhompyutha.
Iparadigm egxile entweni
Lolu hlobo lwezinhlelo lususelwa ezimisweni ezintathu eziyisisekelo: ukugoqwa kwedatha, ukukhishwa kwento, nokuhlola ukuthayipha ngokuya ngesigaba sabaphathi besigaba.
Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi ulimi lohlelo aluvamisile ukuphendula ipharadayim eyodwa, kepha lungaba ngumphumela wenhlanganisela yezinhlobo zazo. Kodwa-ke, ngezansi sizozinikela ngokuningiliziwe ekuchazeni kuphela yini uhlelo oluqondiswe entweni futhi yini ehlukile izilimi zohlelo eziqondiswe entweni ekhona
Izimfanelo
Kuyiparadigm esabalele kakhulu namuhla, ngoba ivumela ukuphathwa okungcono kobunzima ngezindleko ezifanele. Ngayo, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kwakhiwe izingxenye ezithile, okusho ukuthi, ukwahlukanisa umsebenzi kususelwa ezingxenyeni ezithile, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni okuqinile, okuphathekayo nokuvuselelekayo, ngezinzuzo zesikhathi eside.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zohlelo, uhlelo oluqondiswe entweni lubheka izingxenye ezinhlanganweni ezivela kwisizinda senkinga, hhayi ngaphakathi kwesisombululo senkinga uqobo. Isidingo esiyinhloko ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye iziphathe ngendlela elindelekile, njengokuthi intuthuko yethu ingathinteki ngendlela okwenziwa ngayo, nokuthi sazi kuqala izimo ezinikezwa yingxenye ngayinye, nokuthi singaxhuma kanjani. .
Ngokwelinye iphuzu, singasho ukuthi izinhlelo ezigxile entweni zihlobene nombono wolwazi, othi umuntu ugcina imininingwane ngokwezinhlelo ezinqunyelwe ngaphambili, umkhiqizo walokho abhekana nakho njengomuntu. Ngale ndlela, lolu hlobo lwezinhlelo lwenza ukuthi kube nakho ukumela ulwazi ngendlela ethandwayo noma efundiswayo, ngokusebenzisa amasu engqondo yomuntu ngamunye, kusetshenziswa ulwazi lwangaphambilini olwalugcinwe kumayunithi wolwazi.
Origen
https://youtu.be/aESIbDclIzw?t=5
Izinhlelo eziqondiswe entweni kuyindlela, isitayela noma indlela eyenziwe ngo-1960, ngenxa yenkinga eyadalwa ukungakwazi ukuguqula noma ukuguqula izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isimo ebesiba sibi ngokwedlulele ngenxa yokushoda kwabasebenzi abakhethekile abazimisele ukunakekela izinhlelo.
Isixazululo sesikhashana sale nkinga sasisezandleni zohlelo oluhlelekile, olwaluhlanganisa ukwehlukanisa izinhlelo zibe yizinqubo ngazinye ezizokwenza imisebenzi ethile ngokwehlukana. Lokhu kwaletha ezinye izingqinamba, ikakhulu ezidalwe ukuthi bekunzima kanjani ukufeza ukusebenzisana phakathi konjiniyela abaningi ababebandakanyeka kuphrojekthi, ngoba inani elikhulu lemisebenzi ebandakanyekayo, likhula kakhulu inani lohlelo.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwalolu hlobo lohlelo kwakuyisidingo sokwehlukanisa ngemininingwane idatha kumakhodi. Isimo esibe sibi kakhulu ngosayizi nobunzima bohlelo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuncishiswe ubunzima bezinhlelo, kwazalwa izinhlelo ezigxile entweni. Inzuzo yayo enkulu ukuthi yenza kube nokwenzeka ukwakha izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kusetshenziswa izinto ezilula. Lezi zinto zakha izinhlangano zesoftware egxile ngaphansi kwale ndlela. Amandla okuzuza njengedatha nekhodi kusuka kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhona kuthuthukisa umkhiqizo wonjiniyela. Ngokufanayo, kwenza kube lula ukunweba nokusebenzisa kabusha amakilasi kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ngaphandle kokuguqula kakhulu ikhodi yoqobo.
Izici
Izinhlelo eziqondiswe entweni zinezimfanelo eziningi, nazi eziyinhloko:
- Isisekelo sohlelo oluqondiswe entweni ngamakilasi, hhayi ama-algorithms. Lezi zakha izakhiwo ezinengqondo.
- Into ngayinye iyisibonelo sesigaba.
- Uhlelo lubonwa njengendlela yokuthumela nokwamukela imilayezo, ngokusebenzisa iqoqo lezinto ezisabela komunye nomunye.
- Into ngayinye kufanele ifune indlela engcono yokuphendula kumyalezo ngamunye owutholile.
- Into ngayinye ingaphendula imilayezo ngezindlela ezihlukile.
- Kwenza kube lula ukushintsha isoftware ngoba izingxenye ziyashintsha.
- Izinguquko ezithile nezangaphakathi azikuthinti ukusebenza kohlelo lonke.
- Uma imigomo eyisisekelo yohlelo egxile entweni ilandelwa, izindleko zokwakha uhlelo zizoba ngaphansi kunezimo lapho izingxenye zincike khona.
- Kungenzeka ukuthi amakilasi atholwe kwabanye azuze ulwazi namakhono wabangaphambi kwabo. Ngefa, amakilasi ahlobene, futhi indlela yokusebenza iyaxhashazwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubhala kabusha ikhodi.
- Izindlela zesigaba zingenza izinto ezihlukile, noma ngabe zigcina igama elifanayo. Lokho wukuthi, ngokusebenzisa i-polymorphism, umakhi wohlelo angasebenzisa izindlela eziningana zendlela efanayo, ngokuya ngesigaba lapho kwenziwa khona ukusetshenziswa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izindlela eziningi zingatholakala ngegama elifanayo noma indawo yokufinyelela.
Umehluko: uhlelo oluhlelekile vs. Izinhlelo eziqondiswe entweni
Njengoba sesishilo, uhlelo oluqondiswe entweni lumele ukuvela kohlelo oluhleliwe, okungasho ukuthi lungcono kunalo, ngoba ngayinye inokusetshenziswa kwayo kuya ngohlobo lohlelo oluzokwakhiwa. Umehluko oyisisekelo okhona phakathi kwalaba bobabili usungulwe ngezansi:
Izinhlelo ezihleliwe zixazulula izinkinga ze-algorithmic, kusukela ekwethulweni kwedatha ethile, kukhishwa umkhiqizo. Uhlelo oluqondiswe entweni lususelwa ekumodeleni kwento, lusizo olukhulu ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu.
Owokuqala ugxila ekwakhiweni kwedatha, kanti owesibili usekelwe ezintweni, ezinesimo nokuziphatha kwaso.
Imininingwane engaphakathi kohlelo oluhlelekile igeleza ngezakhiwo nezingcingo eziya emisebenzini, ezinhlelweni eziqondiswe entweni kungumphumela wokusebenzisana phakathi kwazo, ngokuthumela nokwamukela imiyalezo.
Izimiso eziyisisekelo
Njengomphumela womqondo wohlelo oluqondiswe entweni, kuvele imigomo emithathu eyisisekelo yale paradigm. Lezi izi:
Ukufakwa kwedatha
Njengoba sesishilo, izinto kulindeleke ukuthi zazi ukuthi kufanele ziphendulwe kanjani kwimilayezo eziyitholayo, okukhombisa indlela ethile yokuziphatha. Kodwa-ke, esingakufuni ukuthi noma ngubani othumela umyalezo uyazi ukuthi uwenza kanjani. Ukufezekiswa kwale nhloso yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi ukufakwa kwedatha. Ngamanye amagama, okufunayo ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye yohlelo yazi kuphela ukuthi yini ekuthandayo, ngaleyo ndlela igweme imiphumela yesibambiso ehlobene nezinye izinto.
Ngamafuphi, ngokufakwa kwedatha, ukufinyelela ezintweni zezinto akunakwenzeka, okungukuthi, lezi zivikelwe ngaphakathi kweyunithi eyodwa yohlelo echazwe kahle, ngoba ngayinye yazo inezincazelo zomklamo ezenza zizimele komunye nomunye.
Isizathu esikhulu sokuthi kungani singafuna into yeklayenti inganaki indlela yokusebenzisa ukuthi, imvamisa, kungaba nezindlela eziningi zokwenza okufanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuzayo, singanquma ukushintsha sisuke kokunye siye kwesinye, iklayenti lingazi ngalo noma ukuhlinzekwa kwensizakalo kuthintekile.
Ukukhishwa kwento
Isici esibalulekile sohlelo oluqondiswe entweni ukuthi lifuna ukuhlasela inkinga ngezingxenye. Ngale ndlela, into yokuqala eyenzayo ukuthola izinto, bese unquma ukuthi kufanele zisebenzisane kanjani futhi, ekugcineni, zisebenzise indlela yazo yokuziphatha. Ngenxa yalokho, sinokuthi izinto esizitholayo yizo ezizosisiza ukuxazulula inkinga.
Ukukhishwa kubandakanya izinhlobo ezimbili zolwazi, idatha noma okuguquguqukayo, okuyisikimu sezengqondo, nezindlela, imisebenzi noma izinqubo, ezihlobanisa isikimu leso nezinye izikimu ezinqunyelwe kusengaphambili. Lokho wukuthi, ngenxa yokukhishwa kwedatha, isizinda nokwakheka kwedatha kungachazwa, kanye nezindlela zokuzifinyelela zingasungulwa. Ekugcineni, ukukhishwa kuba uhlobo olusha lwedatha oluchazwe wuhlelo, olwenziwe izimfanelo nezindlela ezisetshenziswe kokwedlule.
Ngenxa yobukhona bezinhlelo eziningi zengqondo zenkinga efanayo, umqambi ngamunye angahlela amakilasi ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, ngokusho kokubona kwakhe. Lokho akushoyo ukuthi ukukhishwa kwento yikhono ngaphakathi kohlelo lohlelo lokwenza idatha echazwe ngumsebenzisi.
Thayipha isheke ngokuya ngesigaba sabaphathi besigaba
Lokhu kulapho ukhetha ulimi ukwenza uhlobo lokuhlola. Kunezilimi ezinquma ukukwenza ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa, nezinye ngesikhathi sokubulawa. Ezinye izilimi azihlanganisi, okungakuniki ithuba lokuhlola noma yiluphi uhlobo, kuze kube isikhathi sokuqalisa.
Lapho isheke lenziwe ngesikhathi sokugijima, libizwa ngokuthi isheke elinamandla. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa, kubizwa ngokuthi yi-static checking.
Ngenxa yokuthi kusheke elimile amaphutha avela ekuqaleni, ngaphandle kokufinyelela kumzuzu wokubulawa, kuvame ukushiwo ukuthi lolu hlobo lwesheke luphephe kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa okunamandla kuvumela ukusetshenziswa okuyingxenye, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubhala kabusha ikhodi kaninginingi.
Isebenza kanjani?
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuxazulula inkinga ngaphansi kwale paradigm ukuthola izinto noma izinhlangano zesizinda senkinga. Lapho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi lezi zinhlangano zisebenzisana kanjani ukuxazulula inkinga, kusungulwa imiyalezo ethunyelwa izinto, ngokulandelana nangendlela ezenza ngayo. Ekugcineni, kufanele usebenzise ukusebenza kwezinto, ubhekise ekuphenduleni abakunikeza maqondana nemiyalezo.
Ngokufingqa, lapho uhlelo lwenziwa ngaphansi kwepharadigm yohlelo egxile entweni, kwenzeka izinto ezintathu: izinto zenziwa njengoba kudingeka, imiyalezo igeleza isuka entweni eyodwa iye kwenye ngokufana nokucutshungulwa kolwazi ngohlelo, nalapho izinto zingasadingeki, ziyasuswa ukukhulula inkumbulo ohlelweni.
Imiqondo esemqoka
Ukuze uqonde kabanzi mayelana yini uhlelo oluqondiswe entweni, sidinga ukusho imiqondo eyisisekelo elandelayo:
- Into: Kubhekisa ebhizinisini elingaba umamukeli wemilayezo, ngenkathi ingaphendula kubo futhi ithumele imilayezo kwezinye izinto. Kuyibhizinisi elinokuziphatha.
- Ubunikazi: Kuyisici esihlukanisa into ethile kwenye.
- Umlayezo: Lokhu ukuxhumana okuholela phakathi kwebhizinisi elicela insizakalo nelinye elikunikezayo.
- Into yeklayenti: Nguye othumela umyalezo.
- Into yokwamukela: Yinto ethola umyalezo.
- Ukunikezwa amandla: Kubhekiswa ekuthumeleni imiyalezo evela entweni iye kwezinye izinto. Lapho into idinga ukusebenzisana kwabanye ukuze bakwazi ukuphendula imiyalezo.
- Ukuziphatha: Yizimpendulo zemiyalezo etholwe yinto etholayo.
- Isimo: Kubhekiswe esimweni samanje sento ngayinye.
- Isibopho: Kungukusebenzisana phakathi kombuso nokuziphatha kwento.
- Indlela: Kubhekisa ekusetshenzisweni kwempendulo enikezwe into kumyalezo owamukelwe.
- I-Polymorphism: Leli likhono lezinto ezithile zokuphendula kumyalezo ofanayo, kepha ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene.
- Amakilasi: Angamasethi wezinto aziphatha ngendlela efanayo. Zingachazwa wuhlelo. Yizikimu zengqondo ezivumela izinto ezingabonakali futhi zinqume indlela yokuhlobana.
- Isibaluli: Kusho ukuguquguquka kwangaphakathi kwento eyenzelwe ukugcina ingxenye yesimo sayo.
- Inkontileka: Kubhekiswe olwazini lwento ngayinye enikezwayo nendlela yokuxhumana nayo.
Ukuthungatha inkinga ngokusekelwe ezinhlelweni eziqondiswe entweni
Lapho inkinga isitholakele futhi isixazululo esingahle sivele sesiphakanyisiwe, kuyadingeka ukuthi siyibhalele olimini oluhlelayo ukuze yenziwe ngekhompyutha, ngokusebenzisa uhlelo. Ngaphansi kwendlela yohlelo oluqondiswe entweni, lezi zigaba ezilandelayo ziyachazwa:
- Incazelo yohlelo: Ibhekana nencazelo yesikimu yenkinga, ngendlela ecacile, eqondakalayo futhi echazwe kahle. Kubandakanya ukukhonjwa komsuka nesici sedatha ezocutshungulwa, kanye nencazelo yemiphumela nendlela ezokwethulwa ngayo.
- Ukuhlaziywa nokwakheka kwento: Kushiwo ukukhonjwa nokuchazwa kwezinto ezisenkingeni yenkinga. Ngemuva kwalokho, izimfanelo, ubudlelwano nezindlela okufanele zilandelwe ziyasungulwa, lokhu ukuze kuchazwe amakilasi azosetshenziswa ngolimi oluthile lohlelo.
- Ukuhlela: Ngokuyisisekelo, kubhekiswa ekubhalweni kohlelo, okubandakanya ukubhala kahle ikhodi ngolimi lohlelo, kusetshenziswa isitayela sokuthuthuka esikwazi ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, okuzodala ukuxazululwa okufanele kwenkinga. Lesi sigaba sibandakanya ukwakhiwa kwama-algorithms, ukunwetshwa kwama-flowcharts kanye nohlelo lokugcina, kudlule ekuhlolweni kwedeskithophu, ukufaka amakhodi, ukuhlanganisa nokwenza uhlelo.
- Imibhalo: Kufaka phakathi incazelo yokulandelana kwezinyathelo ezidingekayo ukufinyelela isixazululo senkinga. Kusho ukufakwa kwemigqa yamazwana ecacisa noma ichaze okushiwo yimigqa yamakhodi engahle idideke, ikakhulukazi leyo ebhekisa kubahlonzi nezakhiwo ezimenyezelwe zedatha, izinhlaka zokulawula nezindlela nemingcele yazo. Lesi sigaba sibalulekile empumelelweni yomkhiqizo wokugcina, ngoba uma imibhalo yehluleka, izinhlelo zinzima ukuzifunda nokususa amaphutha, futhi ikakhulukazi, ukuguqulwa kwazo nokunakekelwa kwazo cishe akunakwenzeka.
Ngomunye umqondo, singasho ukuthi ukusebenza kwezilimi ezihlelayo kukhuphukile eminyakeni edlule, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuvela kwezinkundla ezintsha nezinhlobonhlobo zohlelo. Yize kuliqiniso ukuthi ekuqaleni lezi zilimi zazisetshenziswa, ngokuyisisekelo, ukuphatha inani elikhulu lemininingwane nokwenza izibalo ezithile zezinombolo.
Manje izilimi ezihlelayo zisetshenziswa cishe kunoma yimuphi umkhakha womphakathi ohlanganisa ukuphathwa kwedatha, ukukhiqizwa kwesithombe ngisho nokuhlakanipha kokuzenzela, phakathi kwezinye izinto eziningi.
Ngokuyinhloko, ukuzalwa kobuchwepheshe obusha bezobunjiniyela besoftware kudale ukukhuphuka kwezilimi zokuhlela esizobona ngezansi.
Izilimi zohlelo eziqondiswe entweni
Ziyizilimi ezenzelwe ukuhlanganisa idatha nama-applet ezigabeni. Lezi zingazuza njengefa izakhiwo zamanye amakhodi aguquliwe futhi ziveze izici ezintsha, eziholela nasendleleni entsha yokuhlela.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Njengoba sizobona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kunezilimi eziningi zohlelo eziphendula kwipharadigm egxile entweni. Ngokwendlela yabo yokusebenzisa, bahlukaniswa njenge:
- Njengoba basebenzisa indlela yokuziphatha: Imboza izilimi ezisuselwe emakilasini nakuma-prototypes noma izibonelo.
- Njengoba basebenzisa ukwenziwa kwento: Kususelwa esikhathini sokwenza endaweni yememori enamandla noma isikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwesitaki.
- Ngokuya ngohlobo lokuhlola: Kushiwo ukuqinisekiswa kwesikhathi sesikhathi noma ukuqinisekiswa kwesikhathi sokuqalisa.
Phakathi kwezilimi eziyinhloko eziqonde entweni esinayo:
Inkulumo encane
Ingacushwa kuphela ngaphansi kwepharadigm yohlelo oluqondiswe entweni. Ulimi olususelwa ekilasini, oluhlela izinto endaweni yememori enamandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Yenza uhlobo lokuhlola ngesikhathi sokusebenza kuphela, okuwukuthi, ulimi lokuhlola olunamandla.
Java
Ingenye yezilimi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla, iqondiswe entweni ngokuphelele, ene-syntax efana no-C no-C ++. Kuyipulatifomu ezimele.
NjengoSmalltalk, wulimi olususelwa ekilasini, oludala izinto ezisendaweni yememori enamandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kepha alwenzi uhlobo lokuhlola ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, kepha kunalokho ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa, ngomehluko wokuthi lakha ikhodi engaphakathi engasetshenziswanga , ivela kusiqalo. Lokhu kuyenza kube ulimi lokuhlola olunganyakazi.
Izinhlelo eziqondiswe entweni yeJava bagijima emshinini obonakalayo okhethekile kulolu hlobo lolimi, olusebenza sengathi luyikhompyutha futhi, ngakho-ke, luvumela ukwenziwa kwabo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokukuguqula. Lolu hlobo lomshini yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi utolika.
i-JavaScript
Ngokungafani neSmalltalk neJava, wulimi oluthembele ekubonisweni noma ezibonelweni. Ihunyushwa futhi ayinazo izinhlobo, okungukuthi, ayenzi amasheke wohlobo noma ngesikhathi sokuqalisa noma ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa. Kwakha izinto endaweni yememori enamandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Njengoba entula ukuhlanganiswa, iba ulimi oluhlolwe ngamandla.
Ulimi olunamandla, ngenxa yokuphatheka nokuhlanganiswa kwalo, kanye nezindlela zalo ezijwayelekile nezilula zokuhlela. Ngamanye amagama, iJavaScript yikhodi efakwe ekhasini lewebhu, inhloso yalo ukuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwalelo khasi.
C ++
Kwakha ukwanda kolimi lwendabuko C, ngokuthola izinzuzo zalolu limi nokufaka izisekelo zezinto. Yize ifaka phakathi ama-paradigms amathathu wohlelo ahlukile, afana no: uhlelo oluhlelekile, uhlelo olujwayelekile kanye nezinhlelo eziqondiswe entweni, nguyena owahola ushintsho olusuka kupharadigm oluhlelekile lwaya kupharadayimu egxile entweni.
Ulimi oluguquguqukayo, olusetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi kwabahleli bohlelo lokusebenza, kokubili ku-Windows naku-GNU Linux. Kwakha izinto kwimemori enamandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Igxile kakhulu ekusebenzeni, ekuphatheni nasekukhipheni. Okubi kakhulu ukuthi lapho kuhlanganiswa, kwenziwa ifayili elisebenzisekayo elikhodi yalo isebenza kuphela kungxenyekazi lapho kwenziwa khona ukuhlanganiswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengolimi olusebenzayo, akulona ipulatifomu ezimele.
C#
Ulimi lohlelo olusebenza ngesikhathi sokusebenza futhi lufakiwe ngaphakathi kwepulatifomu yeNET, ekuvumela ukuthi wabelane futhi wazi imitapo yolwazi yakho. Iqondiswe entweni ngokuphelele, ivumela ukwenziwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Kwakha ukuvela kwezilimi ze-C no-C ++, kuqeda ubunzima besikhathi sakamuva, ngoba kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi kunciphisa umkhawulo wephutha ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwayo, ngenxa yokwamukelwa kwempoqo.
Python
Ulimi lwama-multiplatform, ikakhulukazi oluqondiswe entweni, kepha luhlanganisa amanye ama-paradigms afana nohlelo olubalulekile, uhlelo olusebenzayo, nezinhlelo ezigxile kokunye.
I-syntax yayo ehlanzekile, esondelene kakhulu nolimi lwemvelo, ithanda ukufundwa kwekhodi yayo. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuqala emhlabeni wezinhlelo.
Kwenziwa ngohlelo oluphakathi, okungukuthi, ngotolika. Ngoba wulimi olutolikwa kancane, luyaguquguquka futhi luyaphatheka. Ithayiphe ngokunamandla, okusho ukuthi uhlobo lwedatha lunqunywa ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Easter
Njengamanje, wulimi olusetshenziswe kahle kakhulu ekufundiseni izinhlelo. Ine-syntax elula, enolimi oluhleleke kakhulu, olusiza ukufundwa nokuchazwa kwezinhlelo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwayo kungenziwa kunoma yimuphi umshini onomhlanganisi wePascal.
Yize ilulimi oluhlelekile, ivumela izinhlelo eziqondiswe entweni ngohlobo lwayo lweTurbo Pascal. Inendawo ehlanganisiwe, lapho kungenzeka khona ukubhala izinhlelo futhi uzihlole. Ekugcineni, iPascal ilulimi oluhlose ukufeza izinto jikelele.
Uma isihloko esikuthandayo sihlobene nohlelo, ngikumema ukuthi ufunde Yini i-algorithm ekuhlelweni?