Yazi kuso sonke lesi sihloko okuhlukile Izici ze-ERP enesistimu yekhompyutha ehlekisayo emele (Ukuhlelwa Kwezinsiza Zebhizinisi). Kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile ngalolu hlelo, luyithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu lokwandisa uhlelo lwekhompyutha.
Izici ze-ERP
Uhlelo lwe-ERP luchungechunge lwezifinyezo esiNgisini olunezincazelo ezilandelayo: Ukuhlelwa Kwezinsiza Zebhizinisi, okungahunyushelwa ku-Enterprise Resource Planner. Singazichaza lezi zinhlelo "njengezicelo zokuphatha", ezibhekele ukuqoqwa nokuphathwa kwazo zonke izinqubo ezihlobene nenkampani.
Umsebenzi wawo omkhulu ukugcina yonke le datha endaweni efanayo noma endaweni yokugcina, ukuze ikwazi ukufinyelela kulo lonke ulwazi lwenkampani, futhi abantu abanezimvume ezidingekayo bangayiguqula noma babhale ngaphezulu.
Yize kunezinhlelo eziningi zokuphathwa kwedatha, inezici ezahlukahlukene nezinqubo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi. Uma isetshenziswa enkampanini, ukusebenza kwayo kuphakeme kunokujwayelekile. Isibonelo, uhlelo lwe-ERP lubandakanya yonke imisebenzi engadingeka ekubalweni kwemali yenkampani, efana nale:
- Ukulahlekelwa
- Inzuzo.
- Ukuthengiswa Kwezitolo.
- ukukhiqiza
- Izipesheli.
Isimo samanje sezinhlelo ze-ERP
Kungekudala, kwenziwa ucwaningo eNtshonalanga Yurophu ukuqonda izici ze-ERP kanye nohlelo eminyakeni edlule. Iqiniso ukuthi iningi labo (cishe ama-62%) linesikhathi sokukhiqiza esingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5, lapho i-19% inaphakathi kuka-10% no-15%, kuthi i-7% yokugcina ibe neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15.
Iqiniso ngukuthi ingxenye enkulu yohlelo lwe-ERP lokuphayona isiphelelwe yisikhathi ngokuphelele futhi ayisizi ngalutho. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yezinkinga nge-software ne-hardware esetshenziswe kumodeli yangempela. Noma kunjalo, i-ERP isakwazi ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi nezinqubo ezintsha ukuze bakwazi ukuzibeka enkathini yamanje, ukuze kube nenqubekela phambili yokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yemisebenzi yabo.
Singasho ukuthi iYurophu njengamanje iyindawo ezungezwe ngenqwaba yezinhlelo ze-ERP emhlabeni. Ikakhulu ngenxa yokwanda okunamandla emkhakheni wangasese, isoftware iyadingeka ukusiza imisebenzi yokuphatha nokuphatha imininingwane yezinkampani.
Ikhompyutha ERP
Emkhakheni wesayensi yamakhompiyutha, i-ERP ichazwa njengeqoqo lamasistimu avaliwe anekhono lokwenza imisebenzi ethile, ikakhulukazi ezinkampanini. Izici ze-ERP ziyenza ibukeke njengohlelo olubhekele ukwenza yonke imisebenzi yokuphathwa kwezimali nokubalwa kwabasebenzisi bayo, kepha kuya ngezinsizakalo ezithengiwe kungafaka neminye imisebenzi.
Abahlinzeki be-ERP
Njengamanje, kunezinkampani cishe ezingenakubalwa ezinikezelwe ukudala amasistimu e-ERP, kepha umhlinzeki ongcono kakhulu wezinsizakalo ezinjalo ubekwe emakethe isikhashana, eshiya iningi labancintisana nabo. Phakathi kwabahlinzeki abakhulu be-ERP, singasho:
I-SAP:
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, umholi womhlaba ezinkampanini zabahlinzeki be-ERP. Namuhla, ingxenye enkulu yalezi zinhlelo yenziwa njengokuthengiswa komkhiqizo noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, itholwe enye inkampani, kepha iSAP ikwazile ukuhlala ingumhlinzeki "wezinsizakalo".
IMicrosoft Dynamics Ax Axapta:
IMicrosoft ibilokhu inentshisekelo yokuqala ukuncintisana cishe kunoma iyiphi imakethe, futhi izuze impumelelo enkulu. Uhlelo lwayo lwaziwa njengenye yezinhlelo eziphelele kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi njengamanje luphakathi kwama-ERP amahle kakhulu.
Ububanzi be-Oracle ERP:
I-Oracle ingenye yezinkampani eziphumelele ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zemakethe. Enye yezinzuzo eziphambili zensizakalo yakho ye-ERP inani layo elikhulu lemisebenzi namathuluzi.
I-Oracle JD Edwards Enterprise One:
Lapho inkampani efanayo inezikhundla ezimbili, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi izinsizakalo abazinikezayo zisezingeni eliphakeme. Uhlobo lwe-Enterprise One lwe-Oracle luzosebenza njengohlobo olwehlisiwe lwensizakalo yakho ejwayelekile.
Ulwazi lwe-LN:
Ekugcineni, sibhekene nenye yezinkampani ezindala kakhulu ezinikelwe izinsizakalo ze-ERP. Eminyakeni eyalandela, i-Infor LN yakwazi ukugcina isikhundla sayo sobuholi njengoba izinkampani ezintsha zafika.
Izinhloso zohlelo lwe-ERP
I-ERP yanamuhla kumele ibe nochungechunge lwamazinga okufanele ihlangane ukukhombisa isithombe senkonzo ephephile, enembile futhi efike ngesikhathi kubathengi bayo. Phakathi kwezinhloso okumele zizuzwe uhlelo lwe-ERP, singasho:
Lungiselela izinqubo zebhizinisi
Umqondo wokusebenza kwe-ERP ukunciphisa umthwalo ezinkampanini ezisebenzisa izinsizakalo zayo. Ngalezi zizathu kubalulekile ukuthi i-ERP ikwazi ukwenza ngcono izinqubo nemisebenzi yansuku zonke yenkampani.
Yabelana ngolwazi phakathi kwazo zonke izingxenye zenhlangano
Ngokuvamile, izinsizakalo ezihlinzekwa yi-ERP kufanele zinikezwe yonke inkampani, ngakho-ke imininingwane esetshenzwe yistimu kufanele ikwazi ukudluliselwa kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yenhlangano. Kodwa-ke, umuntu ophethe inkampani enesivumelwano ne-ERP unelungelo lokukhawulela ulwazi insizakalo ye-ERP engalusabalalisa.
Ukuqedwa kwezinqubo zokuvuselela kabusha ezingadingekile
Umsebenzi ophambili owenziwa uhlelo lwe-ERP ukubhekana nalezi zinqubo zebhizinisi lobunjiniyela. Ngakho-ke, ukuqeda imisebenzi enjalo kuzonciphisa kakhulu umthwalo ebhizinisini futhi kukhulise ukusebenza kwalo.
Inhloso ye-ERP ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphendula ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zokuxhumana namakhasimende, futhi kwenziwe ukuphathwa kolwazi okusebenzayo, ukuze kuthathwe izinqumo nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza.
Izimfanelo
Zonke izinhlelo kuzo zonke lezi zinsizakalo zinezici eziningi eziphelele, ezijwayelekile futhi eziguquguqukayo. Lezi zici zibalulekile ekusebenzeni okulungile kwe-ERP ngoba zihlobene ngqo neizinhloso zaleyo software.
Ukuhlanganiswa
Phakathi nosuku lokusebenza zonke izinhlangano ekugcineni zizoshintshana ngolwazi olungaphezulu noma oluncane phakathi kwendawo eyodwa nenye. Ngenxa yokulawulwa kwale datha, ekugcineni kungadala izinkinga ekusetshenzisweni kohlelo. Kulezi zimo, insizakalo enikezwa yi-ERP iphelele ngoba inemisebenzi ebanzi ebavumela ukulawula nokuphatha zonke izinqubo, umnyango ngamunye wenkampani obhekele zona.
Umsebenzi wakho jikelele ukugwema noma yiliphi ishwa ngokuthumela lolu lwazi kweminye iminyango, ukwenza ngcono futhi kufinyelele ukudluliswa kolwazi okusebenza kahle kakhulu.
Modular
Inkampani ngayinye ethize inamandla okuphatha izinqubo zayo zebhizinisi ngezindlela ezihlukile, noma ngezinga elincane, neminyango ehlukene evela kwezinye izinkampani, ngakho-ke, zonke izinsizakalo zohlelo lwe-ERP kufanele zenziwe ngendlela efanele futhi zivumelane nebhizinisi. I-ERP ivame ukuhlanganiswa namathuluzi adingekayo ukuxazulula nokwanelisa iningi lezidingo zanoma iyiphi inkampani, njenge: inzuzo, ukulahleka, ukuthengisa, ukuthenga, ukusungula, njll.
Kuyavumelana nezimo
Zonke izinhlelo kufanele zibe namandla okuzivumelanisa nezidingo ezihlukile zenkampani. Alikho ibhizinisi elifana ncamashi nelinye, ngaleso sizathu kuvamile ukuthi imisebenzi edingekayo yehluke. Namuhla lokhu akuseyona inkinga ngoba ingxenye enkulu yezinhlelo zesimanje inamandla okuthuthukisa izinqubo ezintsha ngesikhathi sokubambisana nezinkampani, ngakho-ke zingakwazi ukwakha amathuluzi amasha okuqhubeka nokunikela kula mabhizinisi.
Izici eziyinhloko ze-ERP-VQ njengohlelo ukuthi ingenziwa ngezifiso ngokuphelele ngokuya ngemodeli yebhizinisi yenkampani yakho, kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi izindleko zokwenza lokhu zamukelekile (azikho izimali ezengeziwe zabasebenzisi noma amalayisense ezinto zokusebenza). Umkhuba wamanje ukuhlinzeka ngezicelo ezikhethekile zophiko lwebhizinisi ngalunye. Le nguqulo ebizwa ngokuthi umnyango noma isicelo somnyango esiqondiswe ngqo noma esilungiselelwe izinqubo ezithile zebhizinisi emnyangweni.
Uhlelo kufanele lube namamojula alungisekayo ngokwendima noma igunya lomsebenzisi ngamunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi: Luhlelo olulodwa olunamaqembu ahlukene wabasebenzisi noma izimvume ezingafinyelela ku-database eyodwa.
Ngokwengeziwe, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi eminyakeni yamuva nje, uhlelo lwethu lungatholakala kusuka efwini, okungukuthi, ungafinyelela futhi ubheke idatha kunoma iyiphi indawo noma idivayisi exhunywe kwi-Intanethi.
Izibonelo nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ze-ERP ngezindawo nezinkampani
Isoftware ye-ERP isebenzisa i-database eyodwa ukugcina imininingwane evela kuyo yonke iminyango futhi isebenzise isoftware ehlanganisiwe, ukuze wonke umuntu akwazi ukufinyelela kulwazi aludingayo, kungakhathalekile izindima zebhizinisi abelwe zona.
Okwenza lolu hlelo lube yinkimbinkimbi kangako ukuthi lusetshenziswa ngokuhlukile kwiNkampani X kunaseNkampanini Y. Ukuqaliswa ngakunye kufaneleke kakhulu kuzidingo zebhizinisi, ngakho-ke kukhona umehluko omkhulu. Kusuka komunye umnyango kuya komunye, noma kusuka kwenye inkampani kuya komunye.
I-ERP ngeNdawo
- Nganoma yikuphi, ungakhetha ukwakha noma yimaphi amamodeli abhalwe ngezansi njengoba kudingeka. Nazi izibonelo zokusetshenziswa ngokomnyango osebenzisa lolu hlelo:
- Ukuphathwa kwempahla
- Ukuthengisa Nokumaketha: Lawa mamojula aphatha ukuhamba komsebenzi wokuthengisa, kusuka emibuzweni nezingcaphuno kuma-oda nokukhokha. Ngokuqaliswa okuthuthukile, ukuthunyelwa nakho kungalandelwa.
- Ukukhiqiza: Yaziwa nangokuthi ukukhiqiza noma ubunjiniyela, le module yakhelwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Kubandakanya ukuhlelwa kokuthengiswa komkhiqizo nokubikezela, ukuqapha kokukhiqizwa kwansuku zonke, njll. Ihlanganiswe nemodyuli yokusungula.
- Ukuphathwa Kwezezimali: Le mojula ilawula imali ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda ngokucacile izimali ezingena nezishiya inkampani. Ihlanganisa ukuthengiselana okujwayelekile kwezimali, kufaka phakathi izimali, amabhalansi, ukuphathwa kwentela, ukubuyisana kwebhange, njll. Ungakhipha nemibiko yezezimali yanoma yimuphi umnyango.
- Ukuphathwa Kobudlelwano Namakhasimende (i-CRM): Ukwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwamakhasimende kanye ne-ARPU. Phatha ukuhola, imicimbi kanye nemihlangano yamakhasimende. Ku-ERP, wasebenza eduze nemodyuli yokuthengisa ukusheshisa ukuguqulwa.
- Ukuphathwa Kokuthengwa Kwezimpahla (i-SCM): Le mojuli ihlanganisa ukuthengiselana, kufaka phakathi ukuphathwa kwe-oda lokuthenga, inqubo ezenzakalelayo, kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza kuze izinto zifinyelele kubathengi, futhi okuphambene nalokho.
- Ukuphathwa Kwezabasebenzi (i-HR): Okugxile kubasebenzi, kufaka phakathi izinto ezinjengamashejuli, amarekhodi ezisebenzi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza, amasistimu okuhola, namafayela omsebenzi.
- Imibiko ezenzakalelayo: Le mojule isebenza ngokubambisana namanye amamojula ukwenza lula ukulungiswa kwemibiko kuyo yonke iminyango. Abasebenzi abasadingi ukuchitha isikhathi bedonsa imibiko ohlelweni ngalunye.
- I-Business Intelligence (i-BI): Ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bebhizinisi ukwenza izinqumo ngekusasa lenkampani ngokuya ngemininingwane. Imvamisa, uzothola kuphela amamojula we-BI kumaphakeji amakhulu we-ERP.
- Ukuphathwa Kwephrojekthi: Le module ixhumanisa imisebenzi yephrojekthi nezimali zenkampani ukusiza ukubikwa kwempumelelo yephrojekthi noma ukwehluleka.
- Ukuqapha ukuhambisana: Bheka ukuthi inkampani yakho iyayithobela yini imithetho yezimboni. Ifaka konke okuphathelene nemithethonqubo yasendaweni, izinyathelo zokuphepha nezidingo zamadokhumenti.
- Ukusebenziseka kwe-IT: Le mojule isetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukwakheka kwe-IT ukugcina isistimu isebenza kahle.
- Ukuphathwa Kwefa: Kwakhelwe ukuphatha izimpahla, okokukhiqiza, nezinye izimpahla ezibonakalayo.
Uma uziqondile izici ze-ERP, futhi ufuna ukuqhubeka nokujabulela izindatshana zethu, landela isixhumanisi esilandelayo:Indlela ye-Agile
