Ukwanda okusheshayo kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kubambe ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba ingalindele, kodwa kuphakathi kwezizukulwane ezisencane lapho umthelela ujule kakhulu futhi ushesha khona. Ibhekene nalesi simo, iSpain inqume ukuthatha izintambo emhlabeni jikelele ngokuphakamisa ukudalwa kwenhlangano yamazwe azosebenza ngendlela ehlelekile ngaphansi kwe-United Nations. Lesi sinyathelo, esethulwe eGeneva, sinomgomo waso oyinhloko ukusungulwa kwezindinganiso zokuphepha eziphansi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yikuphi intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ihlonipha amalungelo kanye nokukhula okunempilo kwezingane kanye nentsha.
Ukusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe sekuyinto evamile emakilasini nasemakhaya aseSpain, lapho intsha ibusebenzisela khona yonke imisebenzi, kusukela ekuxazululeni ukungabaza kwezemfundo kuya ekufuneni ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusetshenziswa kabanzi akuhlali kunezindlela zokuzivikela ezidingekayo, okushiya umnyango uvulekele izingozi kusukela ekuchazeni izikhangiso kuya ekuvezweni izinhlelo zokusebenza zobuhlakani bokwenziwa mbumbulu okungabeka ukuphepha kwabo engcupheni. Ngakho-ke, isiphakamiso saseSpain asigcini nje ngokufuna imithetho yendawo, kodwa futhi isivumelwano somhlaba wonke esigwema izikhala okusemthethweni endaweni yedijithali, njengoba sonke sazi, engaqapheli imingcele ebonakalayo.
Uhlangothi oluhlangene ngokumelene nezingozi zokuphathwa kwe-algorithmic
Inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe isivele inokusekelwa okuqinile okuvela emazweni afana neFrance, iKenya, kanye ne-European Union uqobo, okuqinisa isikhundla seSpain njengomlweli wamalungelo edijithali. UNgqongqoshe u-Óscar López ucacise kakhulu ngaleli phuzu, ethi ukuqedwa ngokuphelele kwemithetho akuyona inketho esebenzayo uma sifuna ukugwema ukuphinda amaphutha esikhathi esidlule enziwe ngamanye amapulatifomu edijithali. Umgomo uwukuba izinhlelo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa zibe kuphephile esigabeni sokuklama, ukuhlaziya kusengaphambili ukuthi zingathonya kanjani ukuziphatha kwengane encane noma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwedatha yomuntu siqu oludingekayo ukuze lusebenze.
Elinye lamaphuzu akhathaza kakhulu ochwepheshe yikhono lalezi zinhlelo lokwenza okuqukethwe kube ngokwakho ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu. Nakuba lokhu kungaba usizo ekufundeni, kungaholela nasekulawulweni okucashile kwezintshisekelo zomsebenzisi noma ukusabela kwakhe. Izingane, njengoba zisesigabeni sokukhula okugcwele, ziyakwazi ikakhulukazi abasengozini yamasu okukholisa okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nabantu abadala abahluleka ukuyibona ngesikhathi. Yingakho kugcizelelwa ukuthi izinkampani zobuchwepheshe kumele zithwale umthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu kakhulu uma imikhiqizo yazo ifinyeleleka ezinganeni.
Kulokhu, izikhungo zaseSpain sezivele zithatha isinyathelo sangaphakathi. I-Spanish Agency for the Supervision of Artificial Intelligence (AESIA) isungule amaqembu asebenzayo athile ukuze abhekane nalezi zinselele zomphakathi nezokuziphatha. Inhloso iwukubikezela izinguquko zobuchwepheshe ukuze, lapho ithuluzi elisha lifika kumfundi, kube nezindlela zokuvikela esezivele zikhona. izindlela zokulawula nokucwaninga ezivikela inhlalakahle yabo. Akukhona mayelana nokubeka uthango oluzungeze inkundla, kodwa mayelana nokuqinisekisa ukuthi inkundla yokudlala iphephile kuwo wonke umuntu.
Iqiniso lokusetshenziswa kwe-AI ezizukulwaneni ezintsha
Idatha ephethwe yizinhlangano ezifana ne-UNICEF iveza okuningi futhi isinika umbono wobukhulu benkinga. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izingane ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-20 sezivele zisebenzisana namathuluzi e-AI, okumele izinga lokutholwa eliphakeme ngokuphindwe kathathu kunelabazali bazo noma abanakekeli. Kwabaningi, isikole yindawo eyinhloko yokungena, kusetshenziswa lezi zinhlelo ukuze yenza umsebenzi wesikole noma uhumushe imibhaloNgokuthakazelisayo, ingxenye enkulu yalaba bantu abasha iphendukela kuma-chatbot ukuze ithole iseluleko ngezinkinga zomuntu siqu, okudala ubuhlobo bokwethembana nomshini ongahlomele ukubhekana nezimo ezinjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Lokhu kuhlukana kwedijithali kwezizukulwane kungenye yezithiyo ezinkulu, njengoba abazali abaningi bevuma ukuthi abakaze basebenzise la mathuluzi, okwenza kube nzima ngabo ukuqondisa izingane zabo ngempumelelo. Ngakho-ke ulwazi lwedijithali luba yingxenye ebalulekile yephazili. Esikhundleni sokuvimbela nje, ochwepheshe bakhuthaza fundisa izingane ukuhlonza lapho bephathwa kabi yi-algorithm noma ukuthi bangavikela kanjani ubumfihlo babo. Umqondo uwukudala izakhamuzi eziqinile ezaziyo ukuhamba ezweni lapho i-AI izobe ikhona yonke indawo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona ukukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-AI ukukhiqiza okuqukethwe okungamanga. Ama-Deepfakes asuke ekubeni yilukuluku lobuchwepheshe aya ekubeni ithuluzi lokuhlukumeza nokuphanga. ISpain ihole indlela eYurophu ekuvimbeleni lolu hlobo lokukhwabanisa uma lungokobulili, umkhuba othinta izingane ezincane ngokungalingani. Nakuba uMthethonqubo we-AI waseYurophu usuvele usungula izibopho zokucaca, umonakalo ongokomzwelo obangelwa yilezi zithombe ungaba mubi kakhulu, yingakho kunezicelo... isenzo esiqinile sobugebengu kanye nokuphatha ngokumelene nalabo abasebenzisa ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi kukhodi ekhiqizwe yi-AI ukuhlukumeza abanye.
Ukuya ohlakeni lokulawula olungashiyi muntu ngemuva
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi, nakuba inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ingakabeki izigwebo eziqondile, ivula indlela yalokho okuzayo. Izinkampani ezisebenza eSpain kumele zivele zilandele imithetho eqinile efana ne-General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) kanye ne-Digital Services Act. Le mithetho ivimbela, isibonelo, amapulatifomu ekuboniseni izikhangiso ezisekelwe kuphrofayela lapho azi ukuthi umsebenzisi usemncane. Umgomo uwukuba Ubumfihlo kufanele kube yinketho ezenzakalelayo. futhi akuyona into umsebenzisi okufanele ayilungiselele ngemva kokuzulazula kumamenyu angenamkhawulo.
Ukuqinisekiswa kweminyaka kungenye inkinga ebalulekile kule mpikiswano. Ukwengeza nje ibhokisi lokuhlola elithi 'Ngingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-14' akwanele uma okuqukethwe okunikezwayo kuyingozi enkulu. IKhomishini yaseYurophu iphakamisa ukuthi lezi zinyathelo kumele zisebenze kodwa futhi... ukuhlonipha ubumfihlo bezakhamuziukugwema ukuqoqa idatha eningi kunalokho okudingekile ngempela. Kuyibhalansi ebucayi: ukuvikela izingane ngaphandle kokuguqula i-inthanethi ibe yindawo yokuqapha njalo kwabanye abantu.
Ekugcineni, impumelelo yalezi ziphakamiso izoncika entandweni yezepolitiki kanye nokubambisana kwezinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe. Uma inhlangano ikwazile ukuletha amazwe amaningi, singabona ngokushesha amazinga okuphepha kwezobuchwepheshe esetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke, okuvumela imindeni ukuthi iphefumule kalula. Okwamanje, ithuluzi elihle kakhulu lihlala liwukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwabantu abadala nezingane, liqondisa ukuhlola kwabo lobu buchwepheshe ngeso elibucayi futhi limise imingcele ecacile yokuvimbela umhlaba obonakalayo ukuthi ungagcwalisi ngokuphelele iqiniso lentsha.
Ukuthuthuka kobuhlakani bokwenziwa akunakuvinjelwa, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi kufanele kwenzeke ngaphandle kokulawula noma ukuziphatha okuhle. ISpain ithathe izinyathelo zokwenza ukuvikelwa kwezingane kube yinto eza kuqala ohlelweni lomhlaba wonke, ifuna ukuvumelana okuvikela izingane ezincane Njengoba kunezingozi zolwazi olungelona iqiniso kanye nokuhlukunyezwa, kanye nokusekelwa yi-UN kanye nabalingani baseYurophu abanolwazi, indlela eya kubuchwepheshe obunobuntu nobuphephile ibonakala icacile kancane, yize kusenomsebenzi omningi okusamele wenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho ihambisana nokusungula izinto ezintsha.
