Cishe ingxenye yekhulu leminyaka ngemuva kokuqalwa kwayo, I-Microsoft ikhiphe ikhodi yomthombo ye-6502 BASIC nelayisensi evuliwe. Umhumushi womlando ufika okokuqala ngokusemthethweni nangokuphelele endaweni ye-GitHub, ngakho-ke noma ubani angakwazi ukufunda, ukuhlanganisa, noma ukulungisa ngaphandle kwemikhawulo yezomthetho.
Ukukhishwa kususa amashumi eminyaka amakhophi angekho emthethweni nezingcezu ezihlakazekile, ihlinzeka ngenguqulo ye-canonical neyombhalo. Isihloko sokuqala esilondolozwe kukhodi sifundeka kanje “I-BASIC M6502 8K VER 1.1 NGE-MICRO-SOFT”, i-capsule yesikhathi sangempela ekhumbula ukuthi ibhizinisi lenkampani lakhiwa kanjani ngaphambi kwe-MS-DOS noma iWindows.
Yini ngempela iMicrosoft ekhiphe?
Kuphathelene ne Inguqulo ye-Microsoft BASIC 1.1 ye-microprocessor engu-6502, yaphakathi no-1978, futhi yakhululwa ngaphansi kwelayisense ye-MIT evumelayo. Inqolobane yabelana ngemigqa engu-6.955 yekhodi yokuhlanganisa ye-MOS 6502, evumela ukulanda, ukuguqulwa, ukusatshalaliswa kabusha, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezentengiso uma kudingekile.
Isihlahla somthombo sihlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa okunemibandela kwezinhlelo ezimbalwa zamavulandlela: I-Apple II (Applesoft), i-Commodore PET, i-Ohio Scientific (OSI) kanye nekhithi ye-MOS KIM-1, kanye nendawo yokulingisa ye-PDP-10 ye-6502. Njengenkomba yomlando, ku-GitHub ngokwayo kunezitembu zesikhathi ezibeka amafayela "iminyaka 48".
Ngokusebenza, umhumushi uyanikeza ukuqaliswa ngokugcwele kolimi lwe-BASIC, i-arithmetic yephuzu elintantayo, ukuphatha izintambo, ukusekela kwamalungu afanayo (inani eliphelele neyunithi yezinhlamvu), imisebenzi yokufaka/yokukhiphayo, namasu enkumbulo asebenzayo ezinhlelo ze-8-bit. Ihlanganisa futhi umqoqi kadoti ngamaketanga kanye nokugcinwa okuguquguqukayo kwezinto eziguquguqukayo.
Insika yekhompyutha yasekhaya
Uhambo luqala ngo-1975, lapho uBill Gates noPaul Allen bebhala umkhiqizo wokuqala wenkampani: a BASIC umtoliki we-Intel 8080 ye-Altair 8800Ngemva konyaka, uGates noRic Weiland bajwayela leso sisekelo ku-MOS 6502, bazale i-6502 BASIC, manje okwabelwana ngayo njengomthombo ovulekile.
Ngo 1977, I-Commodore inikeze ilayisense i-6502 BASIC ngemali ephansi engu-$25.000. Leso sivumelwano silethe umhumushi ku-Commodore PET futhi, kamuva, kuma-ecosystems aqhakambisa izinhlelo zasekhaya ezifana ne-VIC-20 kanye ne-Commodore 64 yodumo. Kwakuyiminyaka eyishumi yokubhala imigqa efana 10 PRINT "HELLO", 20 GOTO 10 bese ucindezela RUN ukubona umlingo.
Ngokuhambisanayo, i-trunk yekhodi efanayo yasebenza njengesisekelo I-Applesoft BASIC ku-Apple II, ethathe indawo kaSteve Wozniak ethi Integer BASIC. Ngakho-ke, umndeni owodwa wekhodi yomthombo unike amandla izinkundla ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ekuzalweni kwekhompuyutha yomuntu siqu.
I-MOS 6502 microprocessor powered powered deviceic devices ezifana ne-Apple II kanye nochungechunge lwe-Commodore, kanye neminye imishini nama-consoles anezinhlobonhlobo ze-chip (Atari 2600 noma i-NES). Ukuthi babelane ngezakhiwo akusho ukuthi babephethe lo mhumushi kulezo zinhlelo zokuzijabulisa, kodwa ichaza ukuthi kungani umphakathi uhlala unentshisekelo ekutadisheni nasekugcinweni kwawo.
Kungani kubalulekile ukuyishicilela njengomthombo ovulekile
Osomlando, othisha kanye nabathandi, ukuba a ifonti esemthethweni enelayisensi, yesimanjemanje futhi ecacile Igolide elimsulwa. Sekuyiminyaka, abalondolozi bemvelo bebelokhu bakha kabusha izindawo zokuhlanganisa futhi beqinisekisa ukuthi imithombo yomlando ingakhiqiza ama-ROM byte byte; manje lowo msebenzi usuhlanganiswe nokuvikelwa okusemthethweni nezinto ezisetshenziswayo eziqinisekisiwe.
Isigcawu se-retro sibhekene nokubonga okukhulu Amaphrojekthi asekelwe ku-FPGA kanye nokulingisa, lapho ukuphindaphinda ngokwethembeka amasistimu we-8-bit kudinga ukuqonda isofthiwe yawo eyisisekelo. Ukuba ne-6502 BASIC evulekile kukwenza kube lula ukuthutha, ukuhlola, nokuvuselela izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zasendulo ngezinga lobuqiniso okunzima ukulifinyelela ngokulingisa kancane kuphela.
Ukukhishwa kwenguqulo 1.1 kufaka phakathi ukulungiswa komqoqi kadoti okuhlonzwe u-Commodore futhi kwasetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela UJohn Feagans noBill Gates Ngo-1978, lawo afanayo afinyelela kubasebenzisi njenge-PET BASIC V2. Okusho ukuthi, inguqulo emele kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kwayo kwangempela ngaleso sikhathi iyabiwa.
Le nhlangano ixhumanisa nokushicilelwe kwangaphambilini kwendlu, njengaleyo ka I-GW-BASIC, okuyingxenye yohlu olufanayo lwabahumushi futhi yagcina iguqukele ku-QBASIC kanye ne-Visual Basic. Intambo evamile ivula izingcezu ezibalulekile zefa layo lokufunda, imfundo, nokuhlola.
Noma ubani ofuna ukujula angaya inqolobane esemthethweni ku-GitHub, okuphinde kube nemibhalo yokwakha okuhlosiwe kwezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinkomba zomsebenzi womphakathi (isb., ukusetshenziswa kochungechunge lwamathuluzi esimanje njenge-cc65) okwenza kube lula ukwakha nokusebenzisa ikhodi izindawo zamanje.
Ukuthinta kwe-Microsoft kubuyisela phambili umhumushi owasiza ukulinganisa izinhlelo ezinsukwini zokuqala ze-PC. Nge Ilayisensi ye-MIT, okuqondiwe kwakudala kuyasekelwa, kanye nesizindalwazi semigqa engu-6.955, umphakathi manje unenkomba enokwethenjelwa yokufunda, ukuhlola, nokugcina ingxenye eyisisekelo yomlando wekhompuyutha womuntu siqu.
