Umsebenzi U-Arthemisi II isiqalile ukuthumela amakhadi ayo okuqala eposi avela eMhlabeni Kusukela esikhaleni esijulile, endleleni eya eNyangeni. I-NASA ikhiphe izithombe eziningana ezithathwe abasebenzi be-Orion spacecraft ezibonisa iplanethi yethu isivele idlule umjikelezo woMhlaba, ngesikhathi esibalulekile endizeni yokuhlola.
Lezi zithombe zithathwe ngokushesha ngemva kokuqeda indlela yokuguqula umjovo wenyangaUkushiswa kwenjini kuvumela indizamkhathi ukuba ibalekele amandla adonsela phansi oMhlaba futhi ilandele indlela eqondile eya enyangeni. Kwi-ejensi yase-US kanye namaqembu aseYurophu ahilelekile kulolu hlelo, lokhu kushiswa kokubili kuwuphawu lokubuyela endaweni yenyanga kanye nokuqinisekiswa okubonakalayo kokuthi umsebenzi uyaqhubeka njengoba kuhleliwe.
Izithombe zokuqala: uMhlaba wonke, ama-aurora nokukhanya kwezinkanyezi
Umphathi wemishini, UReid Wiseman wayephethe ukuthwebula izithombe zokuqala ngedivayisi yomuntu siqu—ithebhulethi enekhamera—ngemva nje kokushisa kwenjini yesihluthulelo. Kwesinye sezithombe, esibizwa ngokuthi “Sawubona, Umhlaba” yi-NASA, kubonakala idiski ephelele yoMhlaba, uLwandlekazi i-Atlantic lubusa indawo, amafu amhlophe ajikelezayo, kanye nokukhanya okuluhlaza okuncane okuzungeze izinsika ezihambisana nokukhanya. ama-auroras.
I-ejensi yasemkhathini ichaze ukuthi, ngaphezu kwama-aurora, isithombe sibonisa futhi ucingo lokukhanya lwe-zodiacUkukhanya okuncane okubangelwa ukukhanya kwelanga okuvela ezinhlayiyeni zothuli ohlelweni lwelanga. Lokhu kukhanya kuvela ngesikhathi sokushona kwelanga okubangelwa uMhlaba uqobo, okwengeza ukuthinta okungavamile endaweni yesehlakalo.
Ngokombono ojwayelekile waseNtshonalanga, iplanethi ibonakala ibheke phansi. Umkhakha okhanyayo ubonakala ngokucacile. I-Western Sahara kanye ne-Iberian Peninsula Ohlangothini lwesobunxele lohlaka kukhona ingxenye esempumalanga yeNingizimu Melika, kanti ingxenye esempumalanga ingakwesokudla, yonke izungezwe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olujulile lolwandle. I-NASA iphinde yakhomba indawo ekhanyayo kakhulu phansi kwesimo, ehambisana neplanethi. Venus.
Kwesinye sezithombe ezikhishwe, uMhlaba ubonakala njengenyanga ecwebezelayo ebonakala ebumnyameni besikhala, ngemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nensundu efiphala ebumnyameni kanye nomkhathi ozungezile ohlanganisa iplanethi. KuWiseman, ukuthola ukuvezwa okufanele ebangeni elingaka kwakuyinselele enkulu yobuchwepheshe, efana, njengoba etshela ukulawula umsebenzi, ukuthi “bezama ukuthatha izithombe zeNyanga besuka egcekeni".
I-NASA igcizelele ukuthi, nakuba uMhlaba uthatha ingxenye encane kuphela yohlaka kulezi zithombe, uhlala "uyinto ekhanya kakhulu endaweni yesehlakalo." Umbono weplanethi elenga endaweni engenalutho usuvele ube ngesinye sezimpawu zokuqala ezibonakalayo zomsebenzi ohloselwe ukuletha inkathi entsha ekuhlolweni kwenyanga.
Ingqophamlando yomuntu: ngale komjikelezo woMhlaba okokuqala ngqa kusukela ku-Apollo
U-Artemis II ungomunye ukundiza kokuqala komuntu eNyangeni eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-50Abagibeli bezindiza abane basemkhathini we-Orion: uReid Wiseman ngokwakhe, umshayeli wendiza uVictor Glover, uchwepheshe wezokuthutha uChristina Koch, kanye noJeremy Hansen waseCanada we-Canadian Space Agency (CSA). Lesi yisikhathi sokuqala kusukela emsebenzini we-Apollo 17 ngawo-1970 lapho abantu beshiya khona umjikelezo ophansi woMhlaba.
Ngemva kokwethulwa kwayo kusuka eKennedy Space Center eFlorida, indizamkhathi yaqeda uchungechunge lokukhuphuka olwaluhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba serokhethi ye-SLS, ukuthunyelwa kwamaphaneli elanga, kanye nokushintshela ekusebenzeni kwendiza. Esigabeni sokuqala, I-Orion ilandele umjikelezo we-elliptical uzungeze uMhlaba ukuqinisekisa izinhlelo, ukuhlola ukuxhumana nokwenza imisebenzi yokushayela ngesandla ngaphambi kokuhamba unomphela.
Isikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu kuze kube manje kube yi- ukuqala kwenjini kwemodyuli yesevisi —eyakhiwe yi-European Space Agency (ESA)— cishe imizuzu eyisithupha, inqubo eyaziwayo yokujova i-translunar. Lokhu kukhulisa kubeke i-capsule endleleni ezoyithatha amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-320.000 ukuya eduze neNyanga. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, umsebenzi usezandleni zemishini ye-orbital: uma ukusunduza sekuqalile, ayikho indlela yokubuyela emuva bese ubuyela ngqo eMhlabeni.
Ngokusho kwedatha eshicilelwe yi-NASA, ngemuva nje kokuhamba, i-spacecraft yayisivele ibekwe endaweni yayo. cishe amakhilomitha angu-230.000 ukusuka eMhlabeni Manje ingaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-210.000 ukusuka eNyangeni, indizamkhathi ihamba ngendlela ejikelezayo ezoyithatha ijikeleze uhlangothi olude lwesathelayithi bese ibuyela eMhlabeni. Ithimba lihlela ukudlula ngemuva kweNyanga cishe ngo-Ephreli 6 bese liwela oLwandlekazini iPacific, ogwini lwaseSan Diego, ngo-Ephreli 10.
Esikhungweni sokulawula saseHouston, abaphathi bezinhlelo bagcizelela ukuthi “okokuqala ngqa kusukela ku-Apollo 17, abantu bashiye umjikelezo woMhlaba” futhi bagcizelela ukuthi isigaba ngasinye esiqediwe simelela isinyathelo esibalulekile sekusasa lohlelo lwe-Artemis, okuhlose ukusungula ukuba khona okuqhubekayo ebusweni benyanga futhi, esikhathini esiphakathi, kusebenza njengesisekelo semisebenzi yabantu eya eMars.
Umhlaba usuka efasiteleni: I-Terminator, Uhlangothi Olumnyama kanye nokuthula e-cockpit
Amahora okuqala ngemva kokusebenzisa indlela yokujova yokuhumusha i-translunar aphawulwe ngemininingwane yomuntu kakhulu: Iqembu labasebenzi “lalinamathele emafasiteleni” ngokoqobo Ukuze sicabange ngombono omusha woMhlaba, njengoba isazi sezinkanyezi saseCanada uJeremy Hansen elandisa ngokulawula umsebenzi. Kusukela kuleso sikhundla esikhethekile, laba abane bakwazi ukubona lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "uhlangothi olumnyama loMhlaba," uhlangothi lwasebusuku lweplanethi, olungabonakali kodwa olubonakalayo ngenxa yokukhanya okuboniswa yiNyanga.
Esinye sezithombe ezikhishwe sibonisa umngcele phakathi kwemini nobusuku, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-terminator. Isithombe sibonisa indlela umugqa wesithunzi oqhubeka ngayo emhlabeni wonke, udala umehluko wokukhanya nesithunzi ogqamisa ukugoba koMhlaba. Endaweni ekhanyisiwe, umhlaba omkhulu wezwekazi ohambisana ne-Afrika ubonakala kahle, kanye neNhlonhlo yase-Iberia ekhanya emaphethelweni lapho iplanethi iqala khona ukungena ebumnyameni besikhala.
I-NASA inikeze izincazelo ezinemininingwane eminingi ngalezi zigcawu: kwenye, uMhlaba ubonakala “njengombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okhanyayo,” onamafu amhlophe kanye nokukhanya kwelanga; kwenye, I-aurora borealis ibonakala njengokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phezulu kweplanethi, ehlukanisiwe kancane nobuso. Lowo mehluko phakathi kokukhanya komhlaba kanye nesizinda esimnyama sendawo ugcizelela ubuthakathaka bomhlaba wethu obonakala kude.
Kubasebenzi, lokhu kube nomthelela omkhulu. UReid Wiseman uchaze ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi phakathi nohambo bakwazile ukucabanga “ngoMhlaba kusukela esicongweni kuya esicongweni,” bebuka i-Afrika, iYurophu, kanye neNyakatho Lights ngokubuka okukodwa—into, esho, Kwashiya osomkhathi abane bethule imizuzwana embalwa.Isazi sezinkanyezi uChristina Koch uchaze “ukubonakaliswa kwenjabulo” okuhlangene lapho kuqinisekiswa ukuthi indizamkhathi yayiphakathi koMhlaba neNyanga.
Ngisho nemininingwane evamile njengokuhlanza amafasitela isibe yinto ephambili. UWiseman waze wabuza abaphathi bemishini eHouston ukuthi bangasusa kanjani amamaki asele engilazini ngokufaka umhwamuko kanye nomdlandla wabashayeli bezindiza—ubufakazi bokuthi abasebenzi bafuna kangakanani ukusebenzisa wonke amathuba okubuka nokubhala phansi indawo ebazungezile bengaphakathi kwe-capsule.
Impilo e-Orion: ukuhlolwa, ukuphepha kanye nezinhlelo zaseYurophu
Naphezu kobuhle bezithombe, i-Artemis II akuyona uhambo lwezivakashi nganoma iyiphi indlela. indiza yokuhlola ephelele ukuqinisekisa i-capsule ye-Orionimodyuli yayo yesevisi yaseYurophu kanye nerokhethi ye-SLS ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza zangempela. I-NASA igcizelele ukuthi isazobona ukuthi i- ukulungiswa okuncane nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe endiza, kodwa ugcizelela ukuthi akekho kubo obeka engcupheni abasebenzi noma obeka engcupheni intuthuko yendiza.
Phakathi namahora okuqala angu-24 esikhaleni, Indizamkhathi yenze uchungechunge lwezivivinyo eduze koMhlaba.Ngemva kokufika emjikelezweni wayo wokuqala, isigaba esiphezulu se-SLS saqhuba i-Orion saya emjikelezweni woMhlaba ophakeme, cishe amakhilomitha angu-74.000 ukuphakama, okwavumela ukuhlolwa kwesistimu. I-capsule yabe isihlukana nesigaba esiphezulu, esenza umgudu wayo wokungena kabusha endaweni ekude yoLwandlekazi iPacific, ngemuva kokusebenzisa amasathelayithi amaningana amancane ocwaningo.
Kuleyo sigaba sokuqala, iqembu lenza umsebenzi ukuboniswa kokuhlola ngesandlaIsigaba esiphezulu sasetshenziswa njengendawo yokubhekisela yokuzijwayeza indlela yokusondela kanye nokuhamba. Ukushintshela kokuxhumana ku-Deep Space Network nakho kwahlolwa, kwaqaliswa izivivinyo zokuqala zamasondo ezingasebenzi, futhi ukusebenza kwezinhlelo ezivamile njengendlu yangasese yendiza-mkhathi—okubalulekile ohambweni lwezinsuku eziningi—kwaqinisekiswa.
Osomkhathi bagqoka amasudi acindezelwe asebenza njenge izinhlelo zokusinda komuntu siquUma kwenzeka ukucindezeleka ekhabini, bangagcina umoya-mpilo owanele, izinga lokushisa, kanye nengcindezi kuze kube yizinsuku eziyisithupha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abasebenzi abasemkhunjini benza imikhuba yokuzilolonga ngokomzimba ukuze banciphise imiphumela ye-microgravity emzimbeni, okuyisici esibalulekile sokuya eNyangeni noma eMars isikhathi eside.
UHoward Hu, umqondisi wohlelo lwe-Orion, uthe “kuhlangatshezwane nezinkinga eziningana endleleni, kodwa azikho ezibangela ukukhathazeka.” Ugcizelele ukuthi inqubo yokujova ecishe ibe yimizuzu eyisithupha yenziwa “ngokungaphelele yithimba lokulawula izindiza eHouston"," futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi indizamkhathi iqhubekile nokulandela indlela yayo ehleliwe izungeze iNyanga iphindela eMhlabeni.
Inhloso: ukulungiselela ukubuyela kwesintu eNyangeni okuzinzile
U-Artemis II akahlanganisi ukufika enyangeni: umsebenzi wakhe ukuzungeza inyanga bese ubuya, kodwa Ukubaluleka kwayo kudlulela ngale kwalolu hambo olulodwaLo msebenzi uvumela ukuhlolwa ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela zonke izinhlelo, ezigabeni zakamuva zohlelo lwe-Artemis, okuzodingeka zisekele ukuhlala isikhathi eside ebusweni benyanga kanye nemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengokuhlanganiswa kwesiteshi sesikhathi esizayo esizungeza isathelayithi.
Ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwenyanga okuhleliwe, osomkhathi bazothatha izithombe eziphezulu zobusokufaka phakathi izindawo ezikude zeNyanga ezingakaze zibonwe ngqo ngamehlo abantu. Izimo zokukhanya kulesi sigaba zizodala izithunzi ezinde ezigqamisa ukuma komhlaba: imiphetho, izimbobo, ama-crater rims, kanye nemithambeka kuzobonakala ngokucacile okunzima ukukufeza lapho iLanga likhanya ngqo eNyangeni.
Uma isiqedile ukujikeleza kwayo ngesathelayithi, indizamkhathi izosebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi enyangeni ukuqala ukubuyela kwayo eMhlabeni ngendlela eqondile, ngaphandle kokudinga noma yiziphi izikhuthazo ezengeziwe. Uma konke kuhamba ngokwecebo, umsebenzi uzophela ngohlelo. ukukhukhuleka kwamanzi oLwandlekazi iPacific, lapho amaqembu okutakula akhethekile ezolanda khona i-capsule kanye nabantu abane ababekuyo.
Ngaphandle kwezici zobuchwepheshe, izithombe zoMhlaba ezithunyelwe ngu-Artemis II zinesici esinamandla esingokomfanekiso nesenhlalo. Ukubona iplanethi yethu futhi njengembulunga encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka endaweni enkulu kukhumbuza izithombe zakudala ezivela ohlelweni lwe-Apollo, kodwa ngobuchwepheshe bamanje kanye nendaba ehlanganyelwe cishe ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusebenzisa izinkundla zokuxhumana kanye namapulatifomu edijithali. I-NASA ihambisane nemiyalezo efana nokuthi “Sawubona, mhlaba,” igcizelela lokho. Lolu hambo lucatshangwa njengomsebenzi ohlangene wesintu.hhayi nje njengempumelelo yenhlangano eyodwa.
EYurophu naseSpain, indima ehamba phambili ye-Orion European Service Module, izivumelwano zokubambisana kwezimboni, kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwe-European Space Agency kulolu hlelo nakho kumele ukubandakanyeka okuqondile kulesi sigaba esisha sokuhlola. Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo njengamanje kuzosebenza ekucwengisiseni ubuchwepheshe obuzosetshenziswa, emisebenzini elandelayo, ukuthumela abesifazane bokuqala kanye nezinhlobo ezintsha zezinkanyezi zomhlaba wonke ebusweni benyanga.
Njengoba indizamkhathi iqhubeka nohambo lwayo oluya ohlangothini olude lweNyanga, Izithombe zokuqala zoMhlaba zathunyelwa ngu-Artemis II Basezisungula njengendawo yokubhekisela kulesi sikhathi: isikhumbuzo esibonakalayo sokuthi iplanethi yethu incane kangakanani, ikhanya kangakanani, futhi ibuthakathaka kangakanani uma ibukwa kusuka emakhilomitha angamakhulu ezinkulungwane, futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, umbono walokho okuzayo emzamweni omusha wesintu wokuhlola indawo ezungezile inyanga.
